Milsten Andrew M, Seaman Kevin G, Liu Peter, Bissell Rick A, Maguire Brian J
University of Maryland, Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Surgery, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Prehosp Disaster Med. 2003 Oct-Dec;18(4):334-46. doi: 10.1017/s1049023x00001291.
Mass gatherings create difficult environments for which to plan emergency medical responses. The purpose of this study was to identify those variables that are associated with increased medical usage rates (MURs) and certain injury patterns that can be used to facilitate the planning process.
Patient information collected at three types of mass gatherings (professional American football and baseball games and rock concerts) over a three-year period was reviewed retrospectively. Specific variables were abstracted: (1) event type; (2) gender; (3) age; (4) weather; and (5) attendance. All 216 events (total attendance 9,708,567) studied were held in the same metropolitan region. All MURs are reported as patients per 10,000 (PPTT).
The 5,899 patient encounters yielded a MUR of 6.1 PPTT. Patient encounters totaled 3,659 for baseball games (4.85 PPTT), 1,204 for football games (6.75 PPTT), and 1,036 for rock concerts (30 PPTT). The MUR for Location A concerts (no mosh pits) was 7.49 PPTT, whereas the MUR for the one Location B concert (with mosh pits) was 110 PPTT. The MUR for Location A concerts was higher than for baseball, but not football games (p = 0.005). Gender distribution was equal among patrons seeking medical care. The mean values for patient ages were 29 years at baseball games, 33 years at football games, and 20 years at concerts. The MUR at events held when the apparent temperature was 80 degrees F significantly lower statistically than that at events conducted at temperatures <80 degrees F were (18 degrees C) (4.90 vs. 8.10 PPTT (p = 0.005)). The occurrence of precipitation and increased attendance did not predict an increased MUR. Medical care was sought mostly for minor/basic-level care (84%) and less so for advanced-level care (16%). Medical cases occurred more often at sporting events (69%), and were more common than were cases with traumatic injuries (31%). Concerts with precipitation and rock concerts had a positive association with the incidence of trauma and the incidence of injuries; whereas age and gender were not associated with medical or traumatic diagnoses.
Event type and apparent temperature were the variables that best predicted MUR as well as specific injury patterns and levels of care.
大型集会为应急医疗响应规划带来了困难的环境。本研究的目的是确定那些与医疗使用率（MUR）增加相关的变量以及可用于促进规划过程的某些损伤模式。
回顾性分析了在三年时间里在三种类型的大型集会上（美国职业橄榄球和棒球比赛以及摇滚音乐会）收集的患者信息。提取了特定变量：（1）活动类型；（2）性别；（3）年龄；（4）天气；（5）出席人数。所研究的全部216场活动（总出席人数9,708,567）均在同一大都市地区举行。所有的MUR均以每10,000人患者数（PPTT）报告。
5899例患者就诊产生的MUR为6.1 PPTT。棒球比赛的患者就诊总数为3659例（4.85 PPTT），橄榄球比赛为1204例（6.75 PPTT），摇滚音乐会为1036例（30 PPTT）。A场地音乐会（无冲撞区）的MUR为7.49 PPTT，而B场地的一场音乐会（有冲撞区）的MUR为110 PPTT。A场地音乐会的MUR高于棒球比赛，但低于橄榄球比赛（p = 0.005）。寻求医疗护理的人群中性别分布均等。棒球比赛患者的平均年龄为29岁，橄榄球比赛为33岁，音乐会为20岁。表观温度为华氏80度（18摄氏度）时举行的活动的MUR在统计学上显著低于温度<80度（18摄氏度）时举行的活动（4.90对8.10 PPTT（p = 0.005））。降水的出现和出席人数增加并未预示MUR会增加。寻求医疗护理主要是为了获得初级/基本水平的护理（84%），而获得高级水平护理的情况较少（16%）。医疗病例在体育赛事中更常见（69%），比创伤性损伤病例更普遍（31%）。有降水的音乐会和摇滚音乐会与创伤发生率和损伤发生率呈正相关；而年龄和性别与医疗或创伤性诊断无关。
活动类型和表观温度是最能预测MUR以及特定损伤模式和护理水平的变量。
