Department of Health Outcomes & Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Apr 10;764:143963. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143963. Epub 2020 Dec 29.
Consumption of licit and/or illicit compounds during sporting events has traditionally been monitored using population surveys, medical records, and law enforcement seizure data. This pilot study evaluated the temporal and geospatial patterns in drug consumption during a university football game from wastewater using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Untreated wastewater samples were collected from three locations within or near the same football stadium every 30 min during a university football game. This analysis leveraged two LCMS/ MS instruments (Waters Acquity TQD and a Shimadzu 8040) to analyze samples for 58 licit or illicit compounds and some of their metabolites. Bayesian multilevel models were implemented to estimate mass load and population-level drug consumption, while accounting for multiple instrument runs and concentrations censored at the lower limit of quantitation. Overall, 29 compounds were detected in at least one wastewater sample collected during the game. The 10 most common compounds included opioids, anorectics, stimulants, and decongestants. For compounds detected in more than 50% of samples, temporal trends in median mass load were correlated with the timing of the game; peak loads for cocaine and tramadol occurred during the first quarter of the game and for phentermine during the third quarter. Stadium-wide estimates of the number of doses of drugs consumed were rank ordered as follows: oxycodone (n = 3246) > hydrocodone (n = 2260) > phentermine (n = 513) > cocaine (n = 415) > amphetamine (n = 372) > tramadol (n = 360) > pseudoephedrine (n = 324). This analysis represents the most comprehensive assessment of drug consumption during a university football game and indicates that wastewater-based epidemiology has potential to inform public health interventions focused on reducing recreational drug consumption during large-scale sporting events.
在体育赛事中，合法和/或非法化合物的消费传统上是通过人群调查、医疗记录和执法扣押数据来监测的。这项试点研究使用液相色谱串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）从废水中评估了大学足球比赛中药物消费的时间和空间模式。在一场大学足球比赛中，每 30 分钟从同一个足球场内部或附近的三个位置采集未经处理的废水样本。这项分析利用两台 LCMS/MS 仪器（沃特世 Acquity TQD 和岛津 8040）分析了 58 种合法或非法化合物及其一些代谢物的样本。实施贝叶斯多层次模型来估计质量负荷和人群水平的药物消费，同时考虑到多个仪器运行和浓度被定量下限截断。总的来说，在比赛期间采集的至少一个废水中检测到 29 种化合物。检测到的 10 种最常见的化合物包括阿片类药物、食欲抑制剂、兴奋剂和减充血剂。对于在超过 50%的样本中检测到的化合物，中位数质量负荷的时间趋势与比赛时间相关；可卡因和曲马多的峰值负荷发生在比赛的第一节，而苯丙胺则发生在第三节。根据消耗药物的剂量数，对整个体育场的估计进行了排序，如下所示：羟考酮（n = 3246）>氢可酮（n = 2260）>苯丙胺（n = 513）>可卡因（n = 415）>安非他命（n = 372）>曲马多（n = 360）>伪麻黄碱（n = 324）。这项分析代表了对大学足球比赛中药物消费的最全面评估，并表明基于废水的流行病学有可能为减少大型体育赛事中娱乐性药物消费的公共卫生干预措施提供信息。
