Howley Lisa D
University of North Carolina at Charlotte, USA.
Eval Health Prof. 2004 Sep;27(3):285-303. doi: 10.1177/0163278704267044.
The assessment of clinical competence is becoming increasingly complex, patient centered, and student driven. Traditionally, clinical evaluation methods consisted primarily of faculty observations, oral examinations, and multiple-choice tests. Increased faculty work load, discontent with traditional methods of clinical skill assessment, and developments in the fields of psychology and education have led to the formation of new modalities, namely performance assessments. The literature pertaining to the performance assessment with standardized patients is reviewed. Based on this literature, several areas for the future direction of performance assessment are proposed, including (a) toward evidence-based locally developed assessments, (b) toward an understanding of educational outcomes and noncognitive assessment factors, and (c) toward more student-driven assessments.
临床能力评估正变得日益复杂、以患者为中心且由学生驱动。传统上，临床评估方法主要包括教师观察、口试和多项选择题测试。教师工作量的增加、对传统临床技能评估方法的不满以及心理学和教育领域的发展导致了新的评估方式的形成，即表现性评估。本文对与标准化患者进行表现性评估相关的文献进行了综述。基于这些文献，提出了表现性评估未来方向的几个领域，包括（a）朝着基于证据的本地开发评估发展，（b）朝着理解教育成果和非认知评估因素发展，以及（c）朝着更多由学生驱动的评估发展。
