HCMV-encoded chemokine receptor US28 employs multiple routes for internalization.

The human cytomegalovirus-encoded G protein-coupled receptor homologue US28 binds inflammatory chemokines and sequesters them from the environment of infected cells. Low surface deposition and endocytosis are dependent on constitutive C-terminal phosphorylation, suggesting a requirement for beta-arrestin binding in receptor internalization. In this report, a US28-dependent redistribution of beta-arrestin into vesicular structures occurred, although internalization of US28 was independent of beta-arrestin. Internalization of US28 was dynamin-dependent, and US28 partially partitioned into the detergent-resistant membrane fraction. Endocytosis was diminished by cholesterol depletion, yet sucrose inhibition was even stronger. The relevance of the clathrin-coated pit pathway was supported by colocalization of beta(2)-adaptin and US28 in endocytic compartments. Exchange of the C-terminal dileucine endocytosis motif inhibited rapid endocytosis, indicating a direct interaction of US28 with the AP-2 adaptor complex. We suggest that the arrestin-independent, dynamin-dependent internalization of US28 reveals a differential sorting of beta-arrestins and the virally encoded chemokine receptor homologue.