Davids E, Krause D-A, Specka M, Gastpar M
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie der Universität Duisburg-Essen, Rheinische Kliniken Essen.
Gesundheitswesen. 2004 Jul;66(7):416-22. doi: 10.1055/s-2004-813327.
It is increasingly recognised that one-third to one-half of children diagnosed as having attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) continue to exhibit symptoms of the disorder into adulthood. The purpose of this study was to report on the demographic and clinical profile of 85 adults (50 men, 35 women) who presented with adult ADHD and meet DSM-IV criteria for the disorder. Patients underwent a diagnostic work-up consisting of medical, psychiatric and demographic evaluation. Deficits in educational and social competence could be demonstrated in more than one third of the patients. Male patients consulted the out-patient service on the average earlier than female patients. Only a small percentage of the population was pretreated in childhood or adolesence. Highest degrees of comorbidity were found for substance abuse and mood disorders. Anxiety disorders and personality disorders were also frequently present in ADHD patients. Patients remained predominantly in the special out-patient service, transfer to GPs was inhibited by the currently off-label use of the prescribed drugs. Guidelines need to be drawn up to establish handover from paediatric to adult ADHD care.
越来越多的人认识到，被诊断患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童中有三分之一到二分之一会在成年后继续表现出该障碍的症状。本研究的目的是报告85名患有成人ADHD且符合DSM-IV该障碍标准的成年人（50名男性，35名女性）的人口统计学和临床特征。患者接受了包括医学、精神病学和人口统计学评估在内的诊断检查。超过三分之一的患者存在教育和社交能力缺陷。男性患者平均比女性患者更早就诊于门诊服务。只有一小部分人在儿童期或青春期接受过治疗。共病率最高的是物质滥用和情绪障碍。焦虑障碍和人格障碍在ADHD患者中也很常见。患者主要留在特殊门诊服务中，由于目前所开药物的非标签使用，转至全科医生处受到限制。需要制定指南，以建立从儿科到成人ADHD护理的交接。
