Meretoja Riitta, Leino-Kilpi Helena, Kaira Anna-Maija
Corporate Headquarters, Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa, Vironkatu 12 B 24, Fin-00170 Helsinki, Finland.
J Nurs Manag. 2004 Sep;12(5):329-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2834.2004.00422.x.
This study examines nurses' perceptions of competence in different university hospital work environments.
Nurses' self-recognition of own level of competence is essential in maintaining high standards of care. The demands for nurse competence may vary between work environments. However, there are very few studies that compare nurse competence in different hospital work environments.
We analysed self-assessments of competence of 593 Registered Nurses working in wards, emergency/outpatient or intensive care units or in operation rooms. The instrument used was a pretested 73-item questionnaire consisting of seven competence categories. The level of competence was assessed on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scale of 0-100 and the frequency of using items of competencies in clinical practice was assessed on a four-point scale.
Nurses reported their overall level of competence as good. They felt most competent in the categories of Managing situations, Diagnostic functions and Helping role (VAS-means 68-69), and least competent in Ensuring quality category (VAS-mean 56). Operation room nurses compared with other nurses reported lower level of competence and lower frequency of using items of competencies in several competence categories. In general, the self-assessed level of competence was greater the higher the frequency of using of competencies. Correlations between both age and length of work experience and the self-assessed overall level of competence were positive.
Nurse competence profiles differed in both the level of and in frequency of using competencies between work environments. Context-specific knowledge of nurse competence from real work life situations provides direction on how to structure work environments and staff development interventions to provide qualified care.
本研究考察护士对不同大学医院工作环境中自身能力的认知。
护士对自身能力水平的自我认知对于维持高标准护理至关重要。不同工作环境对护士能力的要求可能有所不同。然而，很少有研究比较不同医院工作环境中的护士能力。
我们分析了593名在病房、急诊/门诊、重症监护病房或手术室工作的注册护士的能力自我评估。所使用的工具是一份经过预测试的包含73个项目的问卷，由七个能力类别组成。能力水平通过0 - 100的视觉模拟量表（VAS）进行评估，临床实践中能力项目的使用频率通过四分制量表进行评估。
护士报告他们的总体能力水平良好。他们在应对情况、诊断功能和帮助角色类别中感觉能力最强（VAS均值为68 - 69），而在确保质量类别中感觉能力最弱（VAS均值为56）。与其他护士相比，手术室护士在几个能力类别中的能力水平较低，能力项目的使用频率也较低。总体而言，能力使用频率越高，自我评估的能力水平越高。年龄和工作年限与自我评估的总体能力水平之间的相关性均为正。
不同工作环境中护士的能力概况在能力水平和能力使用频率方面均存在差异。来自实际工作生活情境的针对特定情境的护士能力知识为如何构建工作环境和员工发展干预措施以提供高质量护理提供了指导。
