Harper Charles R, Jacobson Terry A
Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
Prev Cardiol. 2003 Summer;6(3):136-46. doi: 10.1111/j.1520-037x.2003.1332.x.
Evidence from epidemiologic and clinical secondary prevention trials suggest that the omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) may have a significant role in the prevention of coronary heart disease. Dietary sources of n-3 PUFAs include fish oils, rich in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, along with plants rich in a-linolenic acid. Randomized secondary prevention clinical trials with fish oils (eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid) and a-linolenic acid have demonstrated reductions in risk that compare favorably to those seen in landmark secondary prevention trials with lipid-lowering drugs. Several mechanisms explaining the cardioprotective effect of the n-3 PUFA have been suggested including antiarrhythmic and antithrombotic roles. Although official US guidelines for the dietary intake of n-3 PUFA are not available, several international guidelines have been published. Fish is an important source of the n-3 PUFA in the US diet; however, vegetable sources including grains and oils offer an alternative source for those who are unable to regularly consume fish.
来自流行病学和临床二级预防试验的证据表明，ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（n-3 PUFAs）可能在预防冠心病方面发挥重要作用。n-3 PUFAs的膳食来源包括富含二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的鱼油，以及富含α-亚麻酸的植物。使用鱼油（二十碳五烯酸、二十二碳六烯酸）和α-亚麻酸进行的随机二级预防临床试验表明，其风险降低效果与具有里程碑意义的降脂药物二级预防试验相当。已经提出了几种解释n-3 PUFA心脏保护作用的机制，包括抗心律失常和抗血栓形成作用。尽管美国尚无关于n-3 PUFA膳食摄入量的官方指南，但已经发布了一些国际指南。在美国饮食中，鱼类是n-3 PUFA的重要来源；然而，对于那些无法经常食用鱼类的人来说，包括谷物和油类在内的植物性来源提供了另一种选择。
