Harper C R, Jacobson T A
Department of Medicine, Emory University, Thomas Glenn Building, 69 Butler St SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA.
Arch Intern Med. 2001 Oct 8;161(18):2185-92. doi: 10.1001/archinte.161.18.2185.
Epidemiological and clinical trial evidence suggests that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) might have a significant role in the prevention of coronary heart disease. Dietary sources of omega-3 PUFA include fish oils rich in eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid along with plants rich in alpha-linolenic acid. Randomized clinical trials with fish oils (eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid) and alpha-linolenic acid have demonstrated reductions in risk that compare favorably with those seen in landmark secondary prevention trials with lipid-lowering drugs. Several mechanisms explaining the cardioprotective effect of omega-3 PUFAs have been suggested, including antiarrhythmic, hypolipidemic, and antithrombotic roles. Although official US guidelines for the dietary intake of omega-3 PUFAs are not available, several international guidelines have been published. Fish is an important source of omega-3 PUFAs in the US diet; however, vegetable sources, including grains and oils, offer an alternative source for those who are unable to regularly consume fish.
流行病学和临床试验证据表明，ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFAs）可能在预防冠心病方面发挥重要作用。ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸的膳食来源包括富含二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸的鱼油以及富含α-亚麻酸的植物。使用鱼油（二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸）和α-亚麻酸的随机临床试验已证明风险降低，与具有里程碑意义的降脂药物二级预防试验中的风险降低效果相当。已经提出了几种解释ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸心脏保护作用的机制，包括抗心律失常、降血脂和抗血栓形成作用。虽然美国没有关于ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸膳食摄入量的官方指南，但已经发布了几项国际指南。在美国饮食中，鱼类是ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸的重要来源；然而，包括谷物和油类在内的植物来源为那些无法经常食用鱼类的人提供了替代来源。
