Squire L R, McKee R
Veterans Affairs Medical Center (V116A), San Diego, California 92161.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 1992 Jan;18(1):106-15. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.18.1.106.
Amnesic patients and control Ss read the names of famous and nonfamous persons. Subsequently, both groups were more likely to designate a name as famous if it had been encountered previously. The facilitatory effect of prior presentation was similar for amnesic patients and control Ss and similar for famous and nonfamous names. For amnesic patients, the effect occurred despite severely impaired recognition memory for the names. In a 2nd experiment, recombining the first and last names that had been presented together did not diminish the facilitatory effect of prior presentation, which indicates that the effect does not depend on forming an association between first and last names. The results show that nondeclarative (implicit) memory can support the acquisition of information that is specific (e.g., names of persons) and that has no preexisting representation (e.g., nonfamous names).
失忆症患者和对照组受试者阅读著名人物和非著名人物的名字。随后，如果某个名字之前出现过，两组都更有可能将其认定为著名人物的名字。先前呈现对失忆症患者和对照组受试者的促进作用相似，对著名人物和非著名人物名字的促进作用也相似。对于失忆症患者来说，尽管对这些名字的识别记忆严重受损，但这种效应仍然存在。在第二个实验中，将之前一起呈现的名字的姓和名重新组合，并没有削弱先前呈现的促进作用，这表明这种效应并不依赖于姓和名之间形成关联。结果表明，非陈述性（隐性）记忆可以支持获取特定的信息（例如人物的名字），以及没有预先存在表征的信息（例如非著名人物的名字）。
