Squire L R, McKee R D
University of California, San Diego, La Jolla.
Mem Cognit. 1993 Jul;21(4):424-30. doi: 10.3758/bf03197173.
Amnesic patients and normal subjects read the names of nonfamous persons. Then, after being told that all the names were nonfamous, subjects judged the fame of names on a mixed list of new famous names, old nonfamous names, and new nonfamous names. Finally, they took a recognition memory test involving old and new nonfamous names. In this way, declarative (explicit) memory and nondeclarative (implicit) memory were placed in opposition. That is, recollection that a name had been recently presented (and was therefore nonfamous) opposed the facilitatory effect by which prior presentation ordinarily increases the tendency to judge that name as famous. Normal subjects exhibited good recognition memory and no fame-judgment effect--that is, no difference in fame judgments for new and old nonfamous names. By contrast, for the amnesic patients recognition memory was poor, but a strong fame-judgment effect occurred--that is, amnesic patients judged old nonfamous names as famous. The results provide additional evidence that the fame-judgment effect is supported fully by nondeclarative (implicit) memory and is independent of the limbic/diencephalic brain structures damaged in amnesia.
失忆症患者和正常受试者阅读非名人的名字。然后，在被告知所有名字均为非名人之后，受试者对新的名人名字、旧的非名人名字和新的非名人名字的混合列表中的名字进行知名度判断。最后，他们进行了一项涉及新旧非名人名字的识别记忆测试。通过这种方式，陈述性（显性）记忆和非陈述性（隐性）记忆形成了对比。也就是说，回忆起某个名字最近被呈现过（因此不是名人）与先前呈现通常会增加将该名字判断为名人的倾向所产生的促进效应相互对立。正常受试者表现出良好的识别记忆，且没有知名度判断效应——也就是说，对新旧非名人名字的知名度判断没有差异。相比之下，失忆症患者的识别记忆较差，但出现了强烈的知名度判断效应——也就是说，失忆症患者将旧的非名人名字判断为名人。这些结果提供了额外的证据，表明知名度判断效应完全由非陈述性（隐性）记忆支持，并且独立于失忆症中受损的边缘系统/间脑脑结构。
