Sangrigoli Sandy, de Schonen Scania
Developmental Neurocognition Unit, LCD, CNRS-Paris 5, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France.
Dev Sci. 2004 Feb;7(1):74-87. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2004.00324.x.
In adults, three phenomena are taken to demonstrate an experience effect on face recognition: an inversion effect, a non-native face effect (so-called 'other-race' effect) and their interaction. It is crucial for our understanding of the developmental perception mechanisms of object processing to discover when these effects are present in childhood. Three- to 5-year-old Caucasian children (N = 64) were asked to recognize upright and inverted Caucasian and Asian faces. Recognition was tested with a forced-choice procedure. Overall performance improved with age. However, there was an interaction between the inversion and non-native effects that did not change with age between ages 3 and 5: (a) the inversion effect with native (Caucasian) faces was larger than with non-native (Asian) faces, and (b) upright native faces were recognized better than upright non-native faces. These results show that face orientation and morphology constrain face processing in 3- to 5-year-olds. The first 3 years of life during which the brain and the environment interact are sufficient to build a face-processing system that constrains recognition.
在成年人中，有三种现象被用来证明经验对面部识别的影响：倒置效应、非本土面孔效应（即所谓的“异族”效应）以及它们的相互作用。了解这些效应在儿童时期何时出现，对于我们理解物体加工的发展性感知机制至关重要。研究人员让64名3至5岁的白种儿童识别正立和倒置的白种人和亚洲人面孔。通过强制选择程序对识别能力进行测试。总体表现随年龄增长而提高。然而，倒置效应和非本土效应之间存在一种在3至5岁之间不随年龄变化的相互作用：（a）本土（白种人）面孔的倒置效应大于非本土（亚洲人）面孔的倒置效应；（b）正立的本土面孔比正立的非本土面孔识别得更好。这些结果表明，面部朝向和形态会限制3至5岁儿童的面部加工。生命的头3年，大脑与环境相互作用，足以构建一个限制识别的面部加工系统。
