Opalińska Edyta, Michalak Anna, Stoma Filip, Latalski Maciej, Goniewicz Mariusz
Interfaculty Chair and Department of Public Health, Medical University of Lublin.
Ann Univ Mariae Curie Sklodowska Med. 2003;58(2):57-63.
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men, therefore has become recently an essential problem of public health. The factors influencing cancer include: androgens metabolism disorders, diabetes mellitus, overweight and obesity, smoking, alcohol and black coffee intake, diet rich in saturated fats and poor in unsaturated, lack of physical activity, geographical zone, race, such carcinogenic substances as: cadmium, materials used in rubber, painting, printing, ship industry etc., contagious factors and also older age and a positive family history of the disease. To diagnose prostate cancer in its early stage such screening procedures as physical examination--digital rectal exam (DRE) and determination of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level in blood serum are used. The aim of the study was to assess prostate cancer risk factors occurrence in the examined 193 men, aged 50-70 years, who reported to urology outpatient department at Clinical Hospital in Lublin, measure the PSA level in blood serum and examine the correlation between them. Respondents filled in a questionnaire about the presence of prostate cancer risk factors and urogenital symptoms. The questionnaire was completed with DRE and PSA measurement. The results led us to the following conclusions: 1/ in the studied population elevated PSA level is determined in 3.1% of 193 examined men, 2/ increased PSA occurs mainly in men from rural areas, with elementary education, divorced, older (>60 years), using fat-rich diet, smokers, black coffee drinkers, with overweight or obesity and non diabetic, 3/ a combination of PSA test with DRE seems to be useful and rather cheap for the detection of prostate cancer in the early stage of its development.
前列腺癌是男性最常见的癌症之一，因此最近已成为一个重要的公共卫生问题。影响癌症的因素包括：雄激素代谢紊乱、糖尿病、超重和肥胖、吸烟、饮酒和饮用黑咖啡、富含饱和脂肪而不饱和脂肪含量低的饮食、缺乏体育活动、地理区域、种族、诸如镉等致癌物质、橡胶、油漆、印刷、造船等行业所使用的材料、传染因素，以及高龄和该病的家族阳性病史。为了早期诊断前列腺癌，采用了诸如体格检查——直肠指诊（DRE）和测定血清前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）水平等筛查程序。本研究的目的是评估193名年龄在50至70岁之间、前往卢布林临床医院泌尿外科门诊就诊的男性中前列腺癌危险因素的发生情况，测量血清PSA水平并检查它们之间的相关性。受访者填写了一份关于前列腺癌危险因素和泌尿生殖系统症状的问卷。问卷完成后进行了直肠指诊和PSA测量。结果得出以下结论：1/ 在研究人群中，193名受检男性中有3.1%的人血清PSA水平升高；2/ PSA升高主要发生在农村地区、小学文化程度、离异、年龄较大（>60岁）、饮食富含脂肪、吸烟者、饮用黑咖啡者、超重或肥胖且非糖尿病的男性中；3/ PSA检测与直肠指诊相结合似乎对在前列腺癌发展早期进行检测很有用且成本较低。
