Ritchie Elspeth Cameron, Owens Mark
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4310 Jones Bridge Road Bethesda, MD 20614, USA.
Psychiatr Clin North Am. 2004 Sep;27(3):459-71. doi: 10.1016/j.psc.2004.03.005.
This article reviews of some of the lessons in trauma psychiatry learned by the US military through wartime and other trauma experiences during the past century. Current practice in the military's employment of stress control teams is reviewed. The military's efforts to prevent and limit psychological casualties, to include the care of battle casualties and prisoners of war (POWs), are addressed. Recent experiences that have informed further, and are shaping the military's approach to managing the psychological aftermath of trauma (such as the Sept. 11, 2001, attack on the Pentagon and the current war with Iraq) are included. Guidelines developed after 9/11, and articulated in the "Mass Violence and Early Intervention" conference are presented. Finally, current ideas on preparation for and intervention after weapons of mass destruction will be outlined.
本文回顾了美国军方在过去一个世纪通过战时及其他创伤经历所学到的一些创伤精神病学方面的经验教训。文中审视了军方当前在运用压力控制小组方面的做法。文中还论述了军方为预防和减少心理伤亡所做的努力，包括对战时伤员和战俘的护理。文中纳入了近期为军方进一步应对创伤心理后果提供参考并正在塑造军方应对方式的经历（比如2001年9月11日对五角大楼的袭击以及当前与伊拉克的战争）。文中介绍了“9·11”事件后制定并在“大规模暴力与早期干预”会议上阐明的指导方针。最后，将概述当前关于应对大规模杀伤性武器的准备工作及干预措施的相关理念。
