社区药房使用者对社区药房在改善公众健康方面所做贡献的反馈：对1990年至2002年同行评审和非同行评审文献的系统评价
Feedback from community pharmacy users on the contribution of community pharmacy to improving the public's health: a systematic review of the peer reviewed and non-peer reviewed literature 1990-2002.
作者信息
Anderson Claire, Blenkinsopp Alison, Armstrong Miriam
机构信息
Health and Society, School of Pharmacy University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
出版信息
Health Expect. 2004 Sep;7(3):191-202. doi: 10.1111/j.1369-7625.2004.00274.x.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review feedback from pharmacy users on their perceptions and experiences of health-related advice and services provided from community pharmacies.
METHODS
The focus of the review was community pharmacy activities in relation to promoting health and well-being, preventing ill-health and maintaining health. Searches were conducted for peer-reviewed (international) and non-peer-reviewed (UK) research. Electronic databases searched included MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts; hand searches of key journals and conference abstracts, key informants. Key informants in the UK were contacted to identify unpublished studies. The inclusion period was 1990 onwards. Data extraction and synthesis Data were abstracted into a matrix by one author with a sample checked by a second. The Health Development Agency's Evidence Base 2000 standards and the evidence categories used by the Department of Health in the National Service Frameworks were applied to each item.
MAIN RESULTS
Seven peer reviewed papers and 13 non-peer reviewed reports were identified for inclusion in the review. Consumer usage of pharmacies is almost universal with prescription supplies and purchase of over the counter medicines predominating. Evidence shows that not only is usage low for general health advice, but that pharmacists are perceived as 'drugs experts' rather than experts on health and illness. Emergency hormonal contraception and head lice management schemes have been well received. There is a need to consider privacy and confidentiality surrounding advice giving.
CONCLUSIONS
Users of community pharmacy-based health development initiatives express a high level of satisfaction. If community pharmacies are to be used to their full extent, then actions to extending the public's awareness and acceptance of the pharmacist's role in giving advice will be crucial. Further research will be needed to measure any change in premises development on the public's perception of the level of privacy in pharmacies.
目的
系统回顾药房使用者对社区药房提供的与健康相关建议及服务的看法和体验。
方法
回顾重点为社区药房在促进健康和福祉、预防疾病及维持健康方面的活动。检索了同行评审（国际）和非同行评审（英国）研究。检索的电子数据库包括MEDLINE、EMBASE、Cochrane图书馆和国际药学文摘；对手检关键期刊和会议摘要、关键信息提供者进行检索。联系了英国的关键信息提供者以识别未发表的研究。纳入时间段为1990年起。数据提取与综合 由一位作者将数据提取到矩阵中，另一位作者检查样本。将健康发展局的2000年证据库标准以及卫生部在国家服务框架中使用的证据类别应用于每个项目。
主要结果
确定了7篇同行评审论文和13篇非同行评审报告纳入本综述。药房的消费者使用率几乎普及，主要是处方配药和非处方药购买。证据表明，不仅一般健康建议的使用率低，而且药剂师被视为“药物专家”而非健康和疾病方面的专家。紧急激素避孕和头虱管理方案受到好评。需要考虑提供建议时的隐私和保密问题。
结论
基于社区药房的健康发展举措的使用者表示高度满意。如果要充分利用社区药房，那么提高公众对药剂师提供建议角色的认识和接受度的行动将至关重要。需要进一步研究来衡量场所发展变化对公众对药房隐私水平看法的影响。
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