Vliet Elise Caccappolo-van, Miozzo Michele, Stern Yaakov
Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain.
Psychol Sci. 2004 Sep;15(9):583-90. doi: 10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00724.x.
Following brain damage, skilled readers may encounter more severe problems in reading nonwords than familiar words, a type of deficit referred to as phonological dyslexia. We report on 2 individuals with Alzheimer's disease who show phonological dyslexia. Although highly accurate in reading familiar words aloud (even those with irregular spelling, such as sew), they were quite impaired in nonword reading. Both patients performed well in phonological tasks involving the repetition, identification, and manipulation of phonemes of orally presented words and nonwords. These results challenge the idea, proposed in the context of connectionist and evolutionary theories, that phonological dyslexia originates from a phonological deficit. However, the results are consistent with reading models, such as the dual-route model, that attribute phonological dyslexia to a deficit that selectively affects the reading mechanisms responsible for deriving the sounds of nonwords. According to these models, such a deficit is not necessarily accompanied by a more general phonological impairment.
脑损伤后，熟练的阅读者在阅读非单词时可能比阅读熟悉的单词遇到更严重的问题，这种缺陷被称为语音性阅读障碍。我们报告了2例患有阿尔茨海默病且表现出语音性阅读障碍的患者。尽管他们大声朗读熟悉单词（甚至是拼写不规则的单词，如sew）时准确率很高，但在阅读非单词方面却有明显障碍。两名患者在涉及口头呈现的单词和非单词的音素重复、识别和操作的语音任务中表现良好。这些结果挑战了在联结主义和进化理论背景下提出的观点，即语音性阅读障碍源于语音缺陷。然而，这些结果与诸如双通路模型等阅读模型一致，这些模型将语音性阅读障碍归因于一种选择性影响负责推导非单词发音的阅读机制的缺陷。根据这些模型，这种缺陷不一定伴随着更普遍的语音损伤。
