Holmér I
Thermal Environment Laboratory, Department of Design Sciences, Lund Technical University, Lund, Sweden.
Indoor Air. 2004;14 Suppl 7:27-31. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00269.x.
Fanger defined two physiological criteria that are basic requirements for people's perception of thermal neutrality and, eventually, thermal comfort. Mean skin temperature and evaporative heat loss are defined as functions of metabolic rate. The equations are derived from experiments in light clothing at or close to normal indoor climate. Relations between skin temperature and sweating on the one hand and thermal sensation and comfort on the other are well recognized; the precise description of the relationships vary and may differ from normal indoor environments to more extreme thermal stress. In moderately cold environments (around +10 degrees C) ISO/DIS 7730 and ISO/DIS 11079 prescribe significantly different responses. Evaluation of the rationale behind the comfort criteria and the basic heat transfer equations in the two models reveals some clear differences. By modification of the sweating criteria and some of the heat transfer equations, predictions become much more similar. It is concluded that the basic comfort criteria may apply also to moderately cold and cold environments, but must consider the complex heat transfer through multilayer clothing in a more adequate way.
The suggested, modified comfort criteria incorporated either in the PMV-index or in the IREQ-index, provide more realistic and reliable prediction of heat balance and conditions for comfort in cool and cold environments.
范格定义了两个生理标准，它们是人们感知热中性以及最终感知热舒适度的基本要求。平均皮肤温度和蒸发散热量被定义为代谢率的函数。这些方程源自于在正常室内气候条件下或接近该条件的轻便着装实验。一方面皮肤温度与出汗之间的关系，以及另一方面热感觉与舒适度之间的关系已得到充分认识；这些关系的精确描述各不相同，并且可能因正常室内环境与更极端的热应激环境而有所差异。在中等寒冷环境（约 +10 摄氏度）中，ISO/DIS 7730 和 ISO/DIS 11079 规定了显著不同的反应。对这两个模型中舒适度标准背后的原理以及基本传热方程的评估揭示了一些明显差异。通过修改出汗标准和一些传热方程，预测结果变得更加相似。得出的结论是，基本舒适度标准可能也适用于中等寒冷和寒冷环境，但必须以更恰当的方式考虑通过多层衣物的复杂传热。
建议将修改后的舒适度标准纳入 PMV 指数或 IREQ 指数中，以便为凉爽和寒冷环境中的热平衡及舒适度条件提供更现实、可靠的预测。
