Breakpoint cluster regions of the AML-1 and ETO genes contain MAR elements and are preferentially associated with the nuclear matrix in proliferating HEL cells.

The spatial organization in interphase nuclei of the breakpoint cluster regions (BCRs) of the AML-1 and ETO genes frequently participating in reciprocal t(8;21) translocations was studied using cytological and biochemical approaches. Both BCRs were found to be localized preferentially, but not exclusively, to the nuclear matrix, as shown by hybridization of specific probes with nuclear halos. This association was not related to transcription, because the transcribed regions of both genes located far from BCRs were located preferentially in loop DNA, as shown by in situ hybridization. The sites of association with the nuclear matrix of the intensely transcribed AML-1 gene were mapped also using the biochemical PCR-based approach. Only the BCR was found to be associated with the nuclear matrix, whereas the other transcribed regions of this gene turned out to be positioned randomly in respect to the nuclear matrix. The data are discussed in the framework of the hypothesis postulating that the nuclear matrix plays an important role in determining the positions of recombination-prone areas.