Carr R M, Blumenthal U J, Mara D Duncan
World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Water Sci Technol. 2004;50(2):31-8.
The use of wastewater in agriculture is occurring more frequently because of water scarcity and population growth. Often the poorest households rely on this resource for their livelihood and food security needs. However, there are negative health implications of this practice that need to be addressed. WHO developed Guidelines for the Safe Use of Wastewater in Agriculture in 1989. The Guidelines are currently being revised based on new data from epidemiological studies, quantitative microbial risk assessments and other relevant information. WHO guidelines must be practical and offer feasible risk management solutions that will minimize health threats and allow for the beneficial use of scarce resources. To achieve the greatest impact on health, guidelines should be implemented with other health measures such as: health education, hygiene promotion, provision of adequate drinking water and sanitation, and other health care measures.
由于水资源短缺和人口增长，农业中使用废水的情况越来越频繁。通常最贫困的家庭依靠这一资源来满足其生计和粮食安全需求。然而，这种做法对健康有负面影响，需要加以解决。世卫组织于1989年制定了《农业中安全使用废水准则》。目前正在根据流行病学研究的新数据、定量微生物风险评估和其他相关信息对该准则进行修订。世卫组织的准则必须切实可行，并提供可行的风险管理解决方案，以尽量减少健康威胁，并允许对稀缺资源进行有益利用。为了对健康产生最大影响，应与其他卫生措施一起实施这些准则，如：健康教育、促进卫生、提供充足的饮用水和卫生设施以及其他卫生保健措施。
