Juanicó M, Milstein A
Juanicó - Consultores Ambientales Ltd, Ram On, 19205 Israel.
Water Sci Technol. 2004;50(2):55-60.
Semi-intensive technologies are a middle term between intensive ones (e.g., activated sludge with a retention time of hours) and extensive ones (e.g., stabilization ponds with a retention time of several weeks). The most common semi-intensive configuration used in Israel is made of anaerobic ponds followed by aerated lagoons. These small low-energy units remove about 75-80% of the BOD and are followed by wastewater reservoirs for storage and complementary treatment. The reduction in loading allows a flexible operation of the reservoirs for the removal of other pollutants, while providing storage capacity to cope with the changes in water demand for irrigation during the year. In schemes for wastewater reuse in irrigation, this lay-out has proved to be low-cost, low-energy, flexible, reliable and efficient. Variations of this basic configuration are the use of UASB reactors instead of anaerobic ponds, aerated lagoons in series or low-rate trickling filters instead of aerated lagoons, constructed wetlands or rock-filters for algae removal, etc. Semi-intensive technologies use less energy than intensive ones, and less land than extensive ones. They can remove as much BOD as intensive ones, and as much pathogens and refractory pollutants as extensive ones. They release no or very small amounts of sludge.
半集约化技术是集约化技术（例如，停留时间为数小时的活性污泥法）和粗放型技术（例如，停留时间为数周的稳定塘）之间的一种中间类型。以色列最常用的半集约化配置由厌氧池和曝气塘组成。这些小型低能耗单元可去除约75%-80%的生化需氧量，之后是用于储存和补充处理的废水蓄水池。负荷的降低使蓄水池能够灵活运行以去除其他污染物，同时提供储存能力以应对一年中灌溉用水需求的变化。在灌溉废水回用方案中，这种布局已被证明具有低成本、低能耗、灵活、可靠且高效的特点。这种基本配置的变体包括使用上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）反应器代替厌氧池、串联曝气塘或使用低负荷滴滤池代替曝气塘、采用人工湿地或岩石滤池去除藻类等。半集约化技术比集约化技术能耗更低，比粗放型技术占地更少。它们去除生化需氧量的能力与集约化技术相当，去除病原体和难降解污染物的能力与粗放型技术相当。它们产生的污泥量极少或几乎不产生污泥。
