Birks R, Colbourne J, Hills S, Hobson R
Thames Water Innovation and Development, Manor Farm Road, Reading, RG2 0JN, UK.
Water Sci Technol. 2004;50(2):165-72.
The Thames Water recycling plant at the Millennium Dome, London, reclaimed three sources of water: greywater from the washbasins, rainwater from the Dome roof and groundwater from a borehole on site. These were pre-treated separately, and the mixed stream filtered using ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis membranes. Monitoring for indicator microorganisms was undertaken throughout the plant and in the reclaimed water distribution system, as well as ad-hoc monitoring for the presence of pathogens in the raw waters. Treatment to the level of ultrafiltration was more than adequate to produce a water quality meeting existing worldwide reclaimed water guidelines for toilet flushing. Owing to the excellent quality of the water leaving the plant, no significant microbiological growth was observed in the reclaimed water distribution system during the year. The raw greywater exhibited a higher faecal bacterial load than the rainwater and groundwater, as predicted from more human contact (i.e. hand washing). Environmental strains of Legionella were observed in the three raw greywater samples analysed for pathogens, as was Cryptosporidium, Giardia and faecal enterococci. The rainwater had relatively high levels of faecal bacteria, probably of avian origin. Giardia was detected in one rainwater sample confirming the potential for this water source to contain pathogens.
洗脸盆的中水、穹顶屋顶的雨水以及现场一口钻孔的地下水。这些水源分别进行预处理，混合水流通过超滤和反渗透膜进行过滤。在整个处理厂以及再生水分配系统中对指示微生物进行监测，同时对原水中病原体的存在进行不定期监测。达到超滤水平的处理足以生产出符合全球现有再生水冲厕准则的水质。由于出厂水水质优良，当年在再生水分配系统中未观察到显著的微生物生长。正如因更多的人际接触（即洗手）所预测的那样，原中水的粪便细菌负荷高于雨水和地下水。在针对病原体分析的三个原中水样本中观察到嗜肺军团菌的环境菌株，隐孢子虫、贾第虫和粪肠球菌也是如此。雨水的粪便细菌含量相对较高，可能源于禽类。在一个雨水样本中检测到贾第虫，证实了该水源含有病原体的可能性。
