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患有阅读障碍的儿童:在快速序列物体感知中视觉注意力缺陷的证据。

Children with dyslexia: evidence for visual attention deficits in perception of rapid sequences of objects.

作者信息

Visser Troy A W, Boden Catherine, Giaschi Deborah E

机构信息

University of Victoria, Canada.

出版信息

Vision Res. 2004;44(21):2521-35. doi: 10.1016/j.visres.2004.05.010.

Abstract

The attentional blink (AB) refers to a decrease in accuracy that occurs when observers are required to identify, detect or classify the second of two rapidly-sequential targets. The AB is typically attributed to an inability to rapidly reallocate attentional resources from the first to the second target. Thus, it provides an ideal tool to investigate how visual attention is rapidly allocated to sequences of stimuli such as occurs when reading. In the present work, we compared the magnitude of the AB in children with developmental dyslexia to reading-matched and age-matched control groups. In Experiment 1, when two targets were presented in the same spatial location, the AB deficit was similar in the reading-matched and dyslexic groups, but greater in the dyslexic group than in age-matched controls. In Experiment 2, when targets were presented in different spatial locations, performance in the dyslexic group was worse than the age-matched controls and marginally worse than the reading-matched controls. Taken together, the results argue for developmental delays in the ability of children with dyslexia to allocate attention to rapidly-sequential stimuli, as well as some evidence for difficulties that are unique to this group.

摘要

注意瞬脱(AB)是指当观察者需要识别、检测或分类两个快速相继呈现的目标中的第二个目标时,出现的准确率下降现象。注意瞬脱通常归因于无法迅速将注意力资源从第一个目标重新分配到第二个目标。因此,它为研究视觉注意力如何快速分配到诸如阅读时出现的刺激序列提供了一个理想的工具。在本研究中,我们将患有发育性阅读障碍的儿童的注意瞬脱程度与阅读匹配和年龄匹配的对照组进行了比较。在实验1中,当两个目标出现在相同空间位置时,阅读匹配组和阅读障碍组的注意瞬脱缺陷相似,但阅读障碍组比年龄匹配的对照组更大。在实验2中,当目标出现在不同空间位置时,阅读障碍组的表现比年龄匹配的对照组差,比阅读匹配的对照组略差。综合来看,结果表明患有阅读障碍的儿童在将注意力分配到快速相继呈现的刺激上的能力存在发育延迟,并且有一些证据表明该组存在独特的困难。

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