Neri Francesco, Smeralda Carmelo Luca, Momi Davide, Sprugnoli Giulia, Menardi Arianna, Ferrone Salvatore, Rossi Simone, Rossi Alessandro, Di Lorenzo Giorgio, Santarnecchi Emiliano
Siena Brain Investigation & Neuromodulation Lab, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology Section, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Human Physiology Section, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
Front Psychol. 2021 Jun 10;12:598410. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.598410. eCollection 2021.
First-Person Shooter (FPS) game experience can be transferred to untrained cognitive functions such as attention, visual short-term memory, spatial cognition, and decision-making. However, previous studies have been using off-the-shelf FPS games based on predefined gaming settings, therefore it is not known whether such improvement of in game performance and transfer of abilities can be further improved by creating a in-game, adaptive in-game training protocol. To address this question, we compared the impact of a popular FPS-game (Counter-Strike:Global-Offensive-CS:GO) with an version of the game based on a personalized, adaptive algorithm modifying the artificial intelligence of opponents as well as the overall game difficulty on the basis of individual gaming performance. Two groups of FPS-naïve healthy young participants were randomly assigned to playing one of the two game versions (11 and 10 participants, respectively) 2 h/day for 3 weeks in a controlled laboratory setting, including daily in-game performance monitoring and extensive cognitive evaluations administered before, immediately after, and 3 months after training. Participants exposed to the adaptive version of the game were found to progress significantly faster in terms of in-game performance, reaching gaming scenarios up to 2.5 times more difficult than the group exposed to standard CS:GO ( < 0.05). A significant increase in cognitive performance was also observed. Personalized FPS gaming can significantly speed-up the learning curve of action videogame-players, with possible future applications for expert-video-gamers and potential relevance for clinical-rehabilitative applications.
第一人称射击（FPS）游戏体验可以迁移到未经训练的认知功能上，如注意力、视觉短期记忆、空间认知和决策能力。然而，以往的研究使用的是基于预定义游戏设置的现成FPS游戏，因此尚不清楚通过创建游戏内自适应训练协议，游戏内性能的提升和能力迁移是否能进一步改善。为了解决这个问题，我们比较了一款热门FPS游戏（《反恐精英：全球攻势》，简称CS:GO）与一个基于个性化自适应算法的版本的影响，该算法根据个人游戏表现修改对手的人工智能以及整体游戏难度。两组从未接触过FPS游戏的健康年轻参与者被随机分配去玩这两个游戏版本中的一个（分别为11名和10名参与者），在受控实验室环境中每天玩2小时，持续3周，包括每日游戏内性能监测以及在训练前、训练后立即和训练后3个月进行的广泛认知评估。结果发现，接触游戏自适应版本的参与者在游戏内性能方面进步明显更快，达到的游戏场景难度比接触标准CS:GO的组高出2.5倍（<0.05）。认知表现也有显著提高。个性化的FPS游戏可以显著加快动作电子游戏玩家的学习曲线，未来可能应用于专业电子游戏玩家，并且对临床康复应用可能具有相关性。
