Lhafi K S, Mitzscherling T A, Kühne M
Institut für Lebensmittelqualität und -sicherheit der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover.
Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr. 2004 Jul;111(7):277-81.
Meat hygiene is an important instrument of preventive public health since the end of the nineteenth century. The methods used during ante-mortem and post-mortem inspection are partly quite traditional. This is in particular true for the identification of parasites in meat. The aim of this review was to present facts on aetiology, prevalence and importance of meat-borne parasitic hazards. The capacity and the limits of the ante-mortem and post-mortem inspection for the identification of parasitic hazards are considered. Further, suggestions for the improvement of the meat hygiene are given. Cysticercosis, Toxoplasmosis and Sarcocystosis are exposed in detail. With regard to Cysticercosis, the integration of serological methods in the inspection procedure could result in a tenfold improvement of diagnostical sensitivity. With regard to Toxoplasmosis, it is obvious that meat containing Toxoplasma-cysts may reach the consumer, as animals infected with Toxoplasma gondii can neither be recognised in the ante-mortem inspection nor in the meat inspection. Systematical serological investigations on farm level would allow an appropriate judgement during meat inspection and minimize the consumer exposure to this parasite. Further, reliable methods for the detection of Toxoplasma-cysts have to be developed. With regard to Sarcocystosis, the compulsory inspection of the muscle surfaces to recognise a "massive infection with Sarcocystis" is very doubtful in its interpretation. There is a need for suitable microscopic, serological and molecular biological methods for the detection of Sarcocystis-species and reliable informations on the seroprevalence of the parasite in slaughtering animals.
自19世纪末以来，肉类卫生一直是预防公共卫生的重要手段。宰前和宰后检验所采用的方法部分相当传统。在肉类寄生虫鉴定方面尤其如此。本综述的目的是介绍有关肉类传播寄生虫危害的病因、流行情况和重要性的事实。考虑了宰前和宰后检验在识别寄生虫危害方面的能力和局限性。此外，还给出了改善肉类卫生的建议。详细阐述了囊尾蚴病、弓形虫病和肉孢子虫病。关于囊尾蚴病，在检验程序中整合血清学方法可使诊断敏感性提高十倍。关于弓形虫病，显然含有弓形虫囊肿的肉类可能会流向消费者，因为感染弓形虫的动物在宰前检验和肉类检验中均无法识别。在农场层面进行系统的血清学调查将有助于在肉类检验时做出适当判断，并最大限度减少消费者接触这种寄生虫的机会。此外，必须开发出可靠的检测弓形虫囊肿的方法。关于肉孢子虫病，对肌肉表面进行强制检查以识别“肉孢子虫大量感染”的解读很值得怀疑。需要有合适的显微镜、血清学和分子生物学方法来检测肉孢子虫种类，并获取有关屠宰动物中该寄生虫血清流行率的可靠信息。
