Hashimoto Z, Mori N, Kawamura M, Ishii T, Yoshida S, Ikegami M, Takumi S, Nakamura C
Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, and Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan.
Theor Appl Genet. 2004 Nov;109(8):1586-96. doi: 10.1007/s00122-004-1794-6. Epub 2004 Sep 16.
Japanese rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cultivars that are strictly used for the brewing of sake (Japanese rice wine) represent a unique and traditional group. These cultivars are characterized by common traits such as large grain size with low protein content and a large, central white-core structure. To understand the genetic diversity and phylogenetic characteristics of sake-brewing rice, we performed amplified fragment length polymorphism and simple sequence repeat analyses, using 95 cultivars of local and modern sake-brewing rice together with 76 cultivars of local and modern cooking rice. Our analysis of both nuclear and chloroplast genome polymorphisms showed that the genetic diversity in sake-brewing rice cultivars was much smaller than the diversity found in cooking rice cultivars. Interestingly, the genetic diversity within the modern sake-brewing cultivars was about twofold higher than the diversity within the local sake-brewing cultivars, which was in contrast to the cooking cultivars. This is most likely due to introgression of the modern cooking cultivars into the modern sake-brewing cultivars through breeding practices. Cluster analysis and chloroplast haplotype analysis suggested that the local sake-brewing cultivars originated monophyletically in the western regions of Japan. Analysis of variance tests showed that several markers were significantly associated with sake-brewing traits, particularly with the large white-core structure.
严格用于酿造清酒（日本米酒）的日本水稻（Oryza sativa L.）品种代表了一个独特的传统群体。这些品种具有一些共同特征，如谷粒大、蛋白质含量低，以及有一个大的、位于中心的白色核心结构。为了了解酿造清酒水稻的遗传多样性和系统发育特征，我们对95个本地和现代酿造清酒水稻品种以及76个本地和现代食用水稻品种进行了扩增片段长度多态性分析和简单序列重复分析。我们对核基因组和叶绿体基因组多态性的分析表明，酿造清酒水稻品种的遗传多样性远小于食用水稻品种中的多样性。有趣的是，现代酿造清酒品种内的遗传多样性比本地酿造清酒品种内的多样性高出约两倍，这与食用水稻品种的情况相反。这很可能是由于现代食用水稻品种通过育种实践渗入到现代酿造清酒品种中。聚类分析和叶绿体单倍型分析表明，本地酿造清酒品种在日本西部地区单系起源。方差分析表明，几个标记与酿造清酒的性状显著相关，特别是与大的白色核心结构相关。
