Friedman Adam, Perrimon Norbert
Department of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, Massachussets 02115, USA.
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2004 Oct;14(5):470-6. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2004.07.010.
The availability of complete genome sequences from many organisms has yielded the ability to perform high-throughput, genome-wide screens of gene function. Within the past year, rapid advances have been made towards this goal in many major model systems, including yeast, worms, flies, and mammals. Yeast genome-wide screens have taken advantage of libraries of deletion strains, but RNA-interference has been used in other organisms to knockdown gene function. Examples of recent large-scale functional genetic screens include drug-target identification in yeast, regulators of fat accumulation in worms, growth and viability in flies, and proteasome-mediated degradation in mammalian cells. Within the next five years, such screens are likely to lead to annotation of function of most genes across multiple organisms. Integration of such data with other genomic approaches will extend our understanding of cellular networks.
许多生物体完整基因组序列的可得性，使人们有能力对基因功能进行高通量、全基因组筛选。在过去一年里，在包括酵母、线虫、果蝇和哺乳动物在内的许多主要模型系统中，朝着这一目标取得了迅速进展。酵母全基因组筛选利用了缺失菌株文库，但RNA干扰已在其他生物体中用于敲低基因功能。近期大规模功能基因筛选的例子包括酵母中的药物靶点鉴定、线虫中脂肪积累的调节因子、果蝇的生长和活力以及哺乳动物细胞中蛋白酶体介导的降解。在未来五年内，此类筛选可能会导致对多种生物体中大多数基因的功能进行注释。将这些数据与其他基因组方法整合，将扩展我们对细胞网络的理解。
