Spillane Joseph F
Department of History and Center for Studies in Criminology and Law, University of Florida, P.O. Box 115950, Gainesville, FL 32611-5950, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2004 Oct 5;76(1):17-29. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.04.011.
In the United States, the basis of modern drug regulation is the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) of 1970. The CSA laid out the authority of the federal government and provided a framework within which all existing and new substances could be regulated on their abuse potential, safety, and medical utility. The debates over the CSA centered on several critical issues: where to place the authority to make scheduling designations, the impact of scheduling on drug research, and defining what constituted drug "abuse" for purposes of scheduling. Passage of the CSA was aided by broad language that provided a kind of "big tent" which could accommodate diverse points of view. A retrospective assessment of the CSA shows it to have greatly expanded federal administrative authority over the nation's drug supply, much as its authors intended. Other impacts of the CSA, however, are much less certain. This article concludes by highlighting the issues and questions that should guide future retrospective research on the efficacy of drug control regimes.
在美国，现代药物监管的基础是1970年的《受控物质法》（CSA）。该法案规定了联邦政府的权力，并提供了一个框架，在此框架内，所有现有和新出现的物质都可依据其滥用可能性、安全性及医疗效用进行监管。围绕《受控物质法》的辩论集中在几个关键问题上：指定管制级别的权力归属何处、管制对药物研究的影响，以及为管制目的界定何为药物“滥用”。《受控物质法》的通过得益于宽泛的措辞，它提供了一种“大帐篷”，能够容纳不同的观点。对《受控物质法》的回顾性评估表明，它极大地扩大了联邦政府对国家药品供应的行政权力，正如其起草者所期望的那样。然而，《受控物质法》的其他影响则不太确定。本文最后强调了一些问题，这些问题应指导未来对药物管制制度有效性的回顾性研究。
