药品调度的全球政治经济学：《管制物质法》的国际历史背景。

The global political economy of scheduling: the international-historical context of the Controlled Substances Act.

作者信息

McAllister William B

机构信息

Office of the Historian, US State Department, SA-1, 2401 E. Street, N.W., Room L-409, Washington, DC 20522, USA.

出版信息

Drug Alcohol Depend. 2004 Oct 5;76(1):3-8. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.02.012.

DOI:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.02.012

PMID:15380283

Abstract

This article explains the international context of regulation to control addicting substances that gave rise to schedules. It discusses the impact of scheduling decisions on subsequent national drug control legislation and international drug control negotiations, highlighting how the creation of schedules introduced new incentives and rewards into calculations about the national/international commerce in drugs. In particular, the schedules affected the development and clinical application of psychotropic substances, and the 1971 Convention on Psychotropic Substances receives special focus. The roles of governmental representatives, pharmaceutical company interests, medical researchers, physicians, and pharmacists are highlighted. The article illustrates how debates about scheduling in international treaties over the previous 40 years impacted the creation of the 1970 Controlled Substances Act in the United States and how the constituencies that contributed to constructing the Controlled Substances Act viewed their efforts in a global context.

摘要

本文解释了对成瘾物质进行管制的国际背景，正是这种管制催生了药品管制目录。文章讨论了药品管制目录决策对后续国家药物管制立法和国际药物管制谈判的影响，强调了药品管制目录的制定如何在有关药品国内/国际贸易的考量中引入了新的激励措施和奖励机制。特别是，药品管制目录影响了精神药物的研发和临床应用，1971年《精神药物公约》受到了特别关注。文中突出了政府代表、制药公司利益相关方、医学研究人员、医生和药剂师所发挥的作用。本文阐述了过去40年国际条约中有关药品管制目录的争论如何影响了美国1970年《管制物质法》的制定，以及促成该法的各方如何在全球背景下看待他们的努力。