Courtwright David T
Department of History, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224-2645, USA.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2004 Oct 5;76(1):9-15. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.04.012.
The 1970 Controlled Substances Act was part of an omnibus reform package designed to rationalize, and in some respects to liberalize, American drug policy. While the legislation provided additional resources for law enforcement and a systematic means for regulating the use of most psychoactive drugs, it also did away with mandatory minimum sentences and provided more support for treatment and research. Over the next three decades, and in response to public alarm about drug abuse, the US Congress continuously amended the law to produce a more punitive system of drug control. The amendments, which gave the Drug Enforcement Administration greater control over scheduling and maintenance and which substantially increased penalties for illicit trafficking, transformed the law into the legal foundation of America's "drug war," as the stricter criminal approach came to be known. By the 1980s, the flexibility and innovative spirit of the original Controlled Substances Act (and that of Nixon-era drug strategy generally) had largely disappeared from American drug policy.
1970年的《管制物质法》是一项综合改革方案的一部分，该方案旨在使美国毒品政策合理化，并在某些方面使其自由化。虽然该立法为执法提供了额外资源，并为规范大多数精神活性药物的使用提供了系统手段，但它也废除了强制性最低刑期，并为治疗和研究提供了更多支持。在接下来的三十年里，为回应公众对药物滥用的担忧，美国国会不断修订该法律，以建立一个更具惩罚性的毒品管制体系。这些修正案赋予了美国缉毒局对药物分类和维持治疗更大的控制权，并大幅提高了对非法贩运的处罚，随着这种更严厉的刑事手段为人所知，这些修正案将该法律转变为美国“毒品战争”的法律基础。到20世纪80年代，最初的《管制物质法》（以及尼克松时代总体毒品战略）的灵活性和创新精神已基本从美国毒品政策中消失。
