Hughes C J, Weimar W H, Sheth P N, Brubaker C E
Rehabilitation Engineering Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville.
Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1992 Mar;73(3):263-9.
This study investigated the biomechanics of lever and hand-rim propulsion and the effects of seat position on propulsion mechanics. Nine able-bodied and six paraplegic spinal cord injured persons participated. Subjects performed hand-rim and lever propulsion on a wheelchair test simulator at a speed and load of 3km/hr and 7.5 watts/side, respectively. A 2 x 3 matrix of randomized seat positions was used. Three-dimensional motion measures of the trunk, shoulder, elbow, and wrist were collected over four-second sample periods for each seat position. Hub torque and stroke arc measurements were determined. Upper extremity motions were significantly different (p less than .05) for the two methods of propulsion. Hand-rim propulsion required less elbow motion, greater shoulder extension, less shoulder rotation and less arm abduction than lever propulsion. Both methods of propulsion required a substantial amount of internal rotation at the shoulder. Seat position changes had a greater effect on joint motion ranges when hand-rim propulsion was performed. No significant differences (p greater than .05) were found for trunk motion for the treatments. The findings provide additional information for development of a model for the optimization of wheelchair propulsion.
本研究调查了杠杆和手轮圈驱动的生物力学以及座椅位置对驱动力学的影响。九名身体健全者和六名截瘫脊髓损伤患者参与了研究。受试者分别在轮椅测试模拟器上以3公里/小时的速度和7.5瓦/侧的负荷进行手轮圈和杠杆驱动。采用了一个2×3的随机座椅位置矩阵。在每个座椅位置的四秒采样期内收集躯干、肩部、肘部和腕部的三维运动测量数据。确定了轮毂扭矩和行程弧测量值。两种驱动方法的上肢运动存在显著差异（p小于0.05）。与杠杆驱动相比，手轮圈驱动需要更少的肘部运动、更大的肩部伸展、更少的肩部旋转和更少的手臂外展。两种驱动方法在肩部都需要大量的内旋。进行手轮圈驱动时，座椅位置的变化对关节运动范围的影响更大。各治疗组的躯干运动未发现显著差异（p大于0.05）。这些发现为开发轮椅驱动优化模型提供了更多信息。
