Panksepp Jaak, Burgdorf Jeff, Beinfeld Margery C, Kroes Roger A, Moskal Joseph R
J.P. Scott Center for Neuroscience, Mind and Behavior, Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403, USA.
Brain Res. 2004 Oct 29;1025(1-2):75-84. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.07.076.
Cholecystokinin (CCK) is the most abundant neuropeptide in the mammalian brain, and has been implicated in the regulation of a diversity of emotions and motivations including negative affect and stress responses. In this experiment, we assayed levels of CCK (CCK4/5 and CCK8) from tissue homogenates in intruder animals 6 h after resident-intruder inter-male aggression. Intruder animals that demonstrated submissive behavior (freezing and 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations) had higher levels of CCK in the tegmentum and posterior cortex as compared to non-submissive (i.e., "Friendly") intruder animals. Ultrasonic vocalizations (22-kHz) were positively correlated with CCK levels in the tegmentum, posterior cortex and pituitary. These data suggest that CCK may play a role in the generation of negative affective states indexed by 22-kHz ultrasonic calls in certain regions of the brain.
胆囊收缩素（CCK）是哺乳动物大脑中含量最丰富的神经肽，并且参与调节多种情绪和动机，包括负面影响和应激反应。在本实验中，我们在雄性领地-入侵者间的攻击行为发生6小时后，测定了入侵者动物组织匀浆中的CCK（CCK4/5和CCK8）水平。与非顺从（即“友好”）的入侵者动物相比，表现出顺从行为（静止不动和发出22千赫兹的超声波叫声）的入侵者动物中脑被盖和后皮质中的CCK水平更高。超声波叫声（22千赫兹）与中脑被盖、后皮质和垂体中的CCK水平呈正相关。这些数据表明，CCK可能在大脑某些区域中，由22千赫兹超声波叫声所指示的负面情绪状态的产生中发挥作用。
