Hirokawa Nobutaka, Takemura Reiko
Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Hongo 7-3-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2004 Oct;14(5):564-73. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2004.08.011.
Molecular motors such as kinesin superfamily proteins (KIFs), dynein superfamily proteins and myosin superfamily proteins have diverse and fundamental roles in many cellular processes, including neuronal development and the pathogenesis of neuronal diseases. During neuronal development, KIFs take significant roles in the regulation of axon-collateral branch extension, which is essential for brain wiring. Cytoplasmic dynein together with LIS1 takes pivotal roles in neocortical layer formation. In axons, anterograde transport is mediated by KIFs, whereas retrograde transport is mediated mainly by cytoplasmic dynein, and dysfunction of motors results in neurodegenerative diseases. In dendrites, the transport of NMDA and AMPA receptors is mediated by KIFs, and the motor has been shown to play a significant part in establishing learning and memory.
分子马达，如驱动蛋白超家族蛋白（KIFs）、动力蛋白超家族蛋白和肌球蛋白超家族蛋白，在许多细胞过程中具有多样且重要的作用，包括神经元发育和神经元疾病的发病机制。在神经元发育过程中，KIFs在轴突侧支延伸的调节中发挥重要作用，这对脑布线至关重要。胞质动力蛋白与LIS1一起在新皮层层形成中起关键作用。在轴突中，顺向运输由KIFs介导，而逆向运输主要由胞质动力蛋白介导，马达功能障碍会导致神经退行性疾病。在树突中，NMDA和AMPA受体的运输由KIFs介导，并且已证明该马达在建立学习和记忆中起重要作用。
