Battles J B, Wilkinson S L, Lee S J
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, USA.
Qual Saf Health Care. 2004 Oct;13 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):i46-50. doi: 10.1136/qhc.13.suppl_1.i46.
Standardised patients (SPs) are a powerful form of simulation that has now become commonplace in training and assessment in medical education throughout the world. Standardised patients are individuals, with or without actual disease, who have been trained to portray a medical case in a consistent manner. They are now the gold standard for measuring the competence of physicians and other health professionals, and the quality of their practice. A common way in which SPs are used in performance assessment has been as part of an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). The use of an SP based OSCE can be a powerful tool in measuring continued competence in human reliability and skill performance where such skills are a critical attribute to maintaining patient safety. This article will describe how an OSCE could be used as a patient safety tool based on cases derived from actual events related to postdonation information in the blood collection process. The OSCE was developed as a competency examination for health history takers. Postdonation information events in the blood collection process account for the majority of errors reported to the US Food and Drug Administration. SP based assessment is an important patient safety tool that could be applied to a variety of patient safety settings and situations, and should be considered an important weapon in the war on medical error and patient harm.
标准化病人（SPs）是一种强大的模拟形式，如今在全球医学教育的培训和评估中已变得很常见。标准化病人是指经过训练以一致方式呈现医疗案例的个体，有无实际疾病均可。他们现在是衡量医生和其他卫生专业人员能力及其执业质量的金标准。标准化病人用于绩效评估的一种常见方式是作为客观结构化临床考试（OSCE）的一部分。基于标准化病人的客观结构化临床考试在衡量人类可靠性和技能表现方面的持续能力时，可成为一种强大工具，而这些技能是维护患者安全的关键属性。本文将描述如何将客观结构化临床考试用作一种患者安全工具，该工具基于从采血过程中与献血后信息相关的实际事件衍生出的案例。客观结构化临床考试最初是作为对健康史采集者的能力考试而开发的。采血过程中的献血后信息事件占向美国食品药品监督管理局报告的错误的大多数。基于标准化病人的评估是一种重要的患者安全工具，可应用于各种患者安全环境和情况，应被视为对抗医疗差错和患者伤害这场战争中的重要武器。
