Ito Tiffany A, Thompson Erin, Cacioppo John T
Department of Psychology, University of Colorado, 345 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309-0345, USA.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull. 2004 Oct;30(10):1267-80. doi: 10.1177/0146167204264335.
Event-related potentials were used to track social perception processes associated with viewing faces of racial ingroup and outgroup members. Activity associated with three distinct processes was detected. First, peaking at approximately 170 ms, faces were distinguished from nonface stimuli. Second, peaking at approximately 250 ms, ingroup members were differentiated from outgroup members, with a larger component suggesting greater attention to ingroup members. This effect may reflect the spontaneous application of a deeper level of processing to ingroup members. Third, peaking at approximately 520 ms, evaluative differentiation of ingroup and outgroup members occurred, with greater ingroup bias displayed by those with higher levels of prejudice on an explicit measure. Together, the results demonstrate the promise of using neural processes to track the presence, timing, and degree of activation of components relevant to social perception, prejudice, and stereotyping.
事件相关电位被用于追踪与观察种族内群体和外群体成员面孔相关的社会认知过程。检测到了与三个不同过程相关的活动。首先，在大约170毫秒时达到峰值，面孔与非面孔刺激得以区分。其次，在大约250毫秒时达到峰值，内群体成员与外群体成员被区分开来，一个更大的成分表明对内群体成员有更多关注。这种效应可能反映了对内群体成员进行更深层次加工的自发应用。第三，在大约520毫秒时达到峰值，内群体和外群体成员出现了评价性区分，在一项显性测量中，偏见程度较高的人表现出更大的内群体偏向。总之，结果表明利用神经过程来追踪与社会认知、偏见和刻板印象相关的成分的存在、时间和激活程度是有前景的。
