Roberge Amélie, Duncan Justin, Fiset Daniel, Brisson Benoit
Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, C.P. 500 Trois-Rivières, Québec G9A 5H7, Canada.
Département de psychoéducation et de psychologie, Université du Québec en Outaouais, C.P. 1250, succursale Hull Gatineau, Québec J8X 3X7, Canada.
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2025 Mar 24;20(1). doi: 10.1093/scan/nsaf024.
Apparent race of a face impacts processing efficiency, typically leading to an own-race advantage. For instance, own-race facial expressions are more accurately recognized, and their intensity better appraised, compared to other-race faces. Furthermore, these effects appear susceptible to implicit bias. Here, we aimed to better understand impacts of race and implicit racial bias on facial expression processing by looking at automatic and nonautomatic expression processing stages. To this end, scalp electroencephalography was recorded off a group of White participants while they completed a psychological refractory period dual-task paradigm in which they viewed neutral or fearful White (i.e. own-race) and Black (i.e. other-race) faces. Results showed that, irrespective of race, early perceptual expression processing indexed by the N170 event-related potential was independent of central attention resources and racial attitudes. On the other hand, later emotional content evaluation indexed by the late positive potential (LPP) was dependent on central resources. Furthermore, negative attitudes toward Black individuals amplified LPP emotional response to White (vs. Black) faces irrespective of central attention resources. Thus, it seems it is racial bias, more than race per se, that impacts facial expression processing, but this effect only manifests itself during later semantic processing of facial expression content.
面部的表观种族会影响处理效率，通常会产生同种族优势。例如，与其他种族的面孔相比，同种族的面部表情能被更准确地识别，其强度也能得到更好的评估。此外，这些效应似乎容易受到内隐偏见的影响。在此，我们旨在通过观察自动和非自动表情处理阶段，更好地理解种族和内隐种族偏见对面部表情处理的影响。为此，我们记录了一组白人参与者在完成心理不应期双任务范式时的头皮脑电图，在该范式中，他们观看中性或恐惧的白人（即同种族）和黑人（即其他种族）面孔。结果表明，无论种族如何，由N170事件相关电位索引的早期知觉表情处理与中央注意力资源和种族态度无关。另一方面，由晚期正电位（LPP）索引的后期情绪内容评估依赖于中央资源。此外，对黑人个体的负面态度会放大LPP对白人（与黑人相比）面孔的情绪反应，而与中央注意力资源无关。因此，似乎影响面部表情处理的是种族偏见，而非种族本身，但这种效应仅在面部表情内容的后期语义处理过程中表现出来。
