Surtees J A, Argueso J L, Alani E
Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853-2703, USA.
Cytogenet Genome Res. 2004;107(3-4):146-59. doi: 10.1159/000080593.
Mismatch repair (MMR) systems are central to maintaining genome stability in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. MMR proteins play a fundamental role in avoiding mutations, primarily by removing misincorporation errors that occur during DNA replication. MMR proteins also act during genetic recombination in steps that include repairing mismatches in heteroduplex DNA, modulating meiotic crossover control, removing 3' non-homologous tails during double-strand break repair, and preventing recombination between divergent sequences. In this review we will, first, discuss roles for MMR proteins in repairing mismatches that occur during recombination, particularly during meiosis. We will also explore how studying this process has helped to refine models of double-strand break repair, and particularly to our understanding of gene conversion gradients. Second, we will examine the role of MMR proteins in repressing homeologous recombination, i.e. recombination between divergent sequences. We will also compare the requirements for MMR proteins in preventing homeologous recombination to the requirements for these proteins in mismatch repair.
错配修复（MMR）系统对于维持原核生物和真核生物的基因组稳定性至关重要。MMR蛋白在避免突变方面发挥着重要作用，主要是通过消除DNA复制过程中发生的错配掺入错误。MMR蛋白在基因重组过程中也发挥作用，这些步骤包括修复异源双链DNA中的错配、调节减数分裂交叉控制、在双链断裂修复过程中去除3'非同源尾巴以及防止不同序列之间的重组。在本综述中，我们首先将讨论MMR蛋白在修复重组过程中发生的错配中的作用，特别是在减数分裂过程中。我们还将探讨研究这一过程如何有助于完善双链断裂修复模型，尤其是有助于我们对基因转换梯度的理解。其次，我们将研究MMR蛋白在抑制同源重组中的作用，即不同序列之间的重组。我们还将比较在防止同源重组中对MMR蛋白的要求与在错配修复中对这些蛋白的要求。
