Slater J E
Center for Cancer and Transplantation Biology, Children's Research Institute, Washington, D.C.
Ann Allergy. 1992 Mar;68(3):203-9.
Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to natural rubber pose a significant risk to patients with spina bifida and urogenital abnormalities, health care workers, and rubber industry workers. Other patients, outside of these high risk groups, have experienced severe allergic reactions to natural rubber as well. Awareness of this life-threatening condition by health care providers is essential if reactions are to be prevented. History alone is inadequate to identify all patients at risk, and reliable testing materials are not yet approved or widely available. Nonrubber medical devices are readily available for most uses; however, the only rubber-free condoms currently on the market do not prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted disease. The identification and detection of rubber antigens, along with mandated labeling for rubber antigen content, will contribute to the care of this growing population of patients. Efforts by the rubber industry to decrease the antigen content of natural rubber products will decrease the risk of reaction among sensitized patients and will, very likely, decrease the rate of sensitization in the future.
对天然橡胶的速发型超敏反应对脊柱裂和泌尿生殖系统异常患者、医护人员及橡胶行业工人构成重大风险。在这些高危群体之外，其他患者也经历过对天然橡胶的严重过敏反应。若要预防过敏反应，医护人员了解这种危及生命的状况至关重要。仅靠病史不足以识别所有高危患者，且可靠的检测材料尚未获批或广泛可得。大多数用途都有非橡胶医疗设备可供使用；然而，目前市场上唯一不含橡胶的避孕套并不能预防性传播疾病。橡胶抗原的识别与检测，以及对橡胶抗原含量的强制标注，将有助于照料这一不断增加的患者群体。橡胶行业降低天然橡胶制品抗原含量的努力将降低致敏患者发生反应的风险，而且很可能会降低未来的致敏率。
