Encapsulated, genetically modified cells producing in vivo therapeutics.

The ability to implant genetically modified cells in immuno-isolating materials has much potential for therapeutic use. This review presents the different types of polymer that can be used for encapsulation of cells and the recent use of genetically modified, encapsulated and thus immunoprotected cells for the treatment of diseases in animal models and clinical trials. Some of the challenges faced by these technologies and potential solutions are also discussed.