Liu Shao-Jun, Sun Yuan-Dong, Zhang Chun, Luo Kai-Kun, Liu Yun
Key Lab of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of State Education Ministry of China.
Yi Chuan Xue Bao. 2004 Jan;31(1):31-8.
A new type of triploid crucian carp was generated by mating the males of the allotetraploid hybrids of red crucian carp (Carassius auratus red var.) (female) x common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) (male), with the females the goldfish( Carassius auratus red var.) which was red in color and possessed the biforked tails. The biological characteristics of one-year old triploid crucian carp including the number and karotype of chromosome, gonadosomatic indices and gonadal structures, appearance and growth rate were investigated. The results indicated that the triploid crucian carp possessed 150 chromosomes with the karyotype: 33m + 51sm + 33st + 33t. In the breeding season, the gonadosomatic indices (GSI) of the ovaries and testes in the triplpoid crcuian carp were, respectively, lower than those in the diploid red crucian carp, and the tissue sections showed that both the ovaries and the testes in the triploid cruican carp were not able to produce the mature ova and sperm, respectively, indicating that they were sterile during one year. The triploid crucian carp was gray in color and had a single fork tail. They had other morphological traits intermediate to the paternal allotetraploid hybrids and the maternal goldfish, for example, one pair of very short and not readily visible barbells, the formula of lateral line scales: 31-6/7, 18 dorsal fin spines, and 0.5 in ratio of the width to the length of the body which was evidently higher than that (0.41) in another kind of triploid crucian carp called Xiangyun crucian carp, generated by crossing the males of the allotetraploid hybrids with the females of the Japanese crucain carp (Carassius auratus cuvieri T. et S.). Following 8-month culture, the triploid crucian carp averagely reached 350 gram in which the maximum individual weighed 550 gram. Among one- year old triploid crucian carp, the females grew faster than the males. Compared with Xiangyun crucian carp, the new type of triploid crucian carp not only presented some advantages the Xiangyun crucian carp had, for example, fast growth rate and potential sterility, but also got some new good performances like the high ratio of the width to the length of the body and the sweet flesh, suggesting they will be very potential in the commercial interest.
通过将红鲫（♀）×鲤（♂）的异源四倍体杂种雄鱼与红色且尾分叉的金鱼雌鱼交配，培育出了一种新型三倍体鲫鱼。对1龄三倍体鲫鱼的生物学特性进行了研究，包括染色体数目和核型、性腺指数和性腺结构、外观和生长速度等。结果表明，三倍体鲫鱼有150条染色体，核型为：33m + 51sm + 33st + 33t。在繁殖季节，三倍体鲫鱼卵巢和精巢的性腺指数分别低于二倍体红鲫，组织切片显示三倍体鲫鱼的卵巢和精巢均不能分别产生成熟的卵子和精子，表明其1龄时不育。三倍体鲫鱼体色为灰色，尾为单尾。它们具有一些介于父本异源四倍体杂种和母本金鱼之间的形态特征，例如，一对非常短且不易看见的触须，侧线鳞式：31-6/7，背鳍棘18根，体宽与体长之比为0.5，明显高于另一种由异源四倍体杂种雄鱼与日本白鲫（Carassius auratus cuvieri T. et S.）雌鱼杂交产生的湘云鲫（0.41）。经过8个月的养殖，三倍体鲫鱼平均体重达到350克，最大个体重达550克。在1龄三倍体鲫鱼中，雌鱼生长速度比雄鱼快。与湘云鲫相比，这种新型三倍体鲫鱼不仅具有湘云鲫生长速度快、潜在不育等优点，还具有体宽与体长之比高、肉质鲜美等新的优良性状，具有很大的商业开发潜力。
