Bruckart J E
U.S. Air Force School of Aerospace Medicine, Education Division, Brooks Air Force Base, TX.
Aviat Space Environ Med. 1992 Feb;63(2):132-4.
Despite strict flight discipline, U.S. Army aircraft infrequently suffer inflight mishaps. This is a retrospective study of aircrew survival and rescue in 97 mishaps investigated by the U.S. Army Safety Center from October 1988 to June 1990. To identify factors delaying rescue, recent mishaps are compared with 37 mishaps where the time to reach the mishap site exceeded 2 h. The average time to reach a mishap site was 2.2 h, but over 90% were reached within 2 h. There were two or more survivors at 82% of the sites and 98% of the downed aircrew had at least personal survival equipment available. Adverse operational and environmental factors were more common in delayed rescue mishaps. Sudden aircraft failure was three times more common in prolonged rescue mishaps, while night or instrument meteorologic conditions contributed eight times and four times greater risk of delay, respectively. Rescues in mountainous terrain or overwater were seven times more likely to be delayed. While fatalities were more common with prolonged rescue, there were no mishaps where a delay in reaching the crash site resulted in the loss of an airman.
尽管飞行纪律严格，但美国陆军飞机在空中很少发生事故。这是一项对1988年10月至1990年6月期间美国陆军安全中心调查的97起事故中的机组人员生存和救援情况进行的回顾性研究。为了确定延误救援的因素，将近期事故与37起到达事故现场时间超过2小时的事故进行了比较。到达事故现场的平均时间为2.2小时，但超过90%的事故现场在2小时内到达。82%的事故现场有两名或更多幸存者，98%的遇难机组人员至少有个人生存装备。不利的操作和环境因素在延误救援事故中更为常见。在长时间救援事故中，飞机突然故障的发生率高出三倍，而夜间或仪表气象条件导致延误的风险分别高出八倍和四倍。在山区或水上进行救援时，延误的可能性高出七倍。虽然长时间救援导致的死亡更为常见，但没有一起事故因到达坠机现场的延误而导致飞行员丧生。
