Bellinger Leanne, Lilley Christina, Langley-Evans Simon C
Centre for Reproduction and Early Life, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK.
Br J Nutr. 2004 Sep;92(3):513-20. doi: 10.1079/bjn20041224.
Nutrient restriction in pregnancy has been shown to programme adult obesity. Modulation of feeding behaviour may provide a mechanism through which obesity may be programmed. Pregnant Wistar rats were fed either a control diet or a low-protein (LP) diet throughout gestation. Their offspring were allocated to a self-selected-diet protocol to assess appetite and food preferences at 12 and at 30 weeks of age. Self-selection of high-fat, high-protein or high-carbohydrate foods by 12-week-old rats indicated that the prenatal environment influenced feeding behaviour. Both male and female offspring of LP-fed mothers consumed significantly more of the high-fat (P<0.001) and significantly less (P<0.02) of the high-carbohydrate food than the control animals. Female, but not male, offspring of LP-fed rats failed to adjust food intake to maintain a constant energy intake and had higher fat (P<0.005) and energy intakes (P<0.05) than control female rats. At 30 weeks of age there were no differences in the pattern of food selection between the two groups of animals. Male offspring of LP-fed rats had significantly more gonadal fat than control animals (P<0.05), but analysis of total body fat content indicated that there was no significant difference in overall adiposity. The present study suggests that in young adults at least, early life exposure to undernutrition determines a preference for fatty foods. Maternal nutrition may thus promote changes in systems that are involved in control of appetite or the perception of palatability.
孕期营养限制已被证明会引发成年期肥胖。进食行为的调节可能为肥胖的引发提供了一种机制。在整个妊娠期，给怀孕的Wistar大鼠喂食对照饮食或低蛋白（LP）饮食。将它们的后代分配到自选饮食方案中，以评估12周龄和30周龄时的食欲和食物偏好。12周龄大鼠对高脂肪、高蛋白或高碳水化合物食物的自我选择表明，产前环境会影响进食行为。与对照动物相比，LP喂养的母亲所生的雄性和雌性后代消耗的高脂肪食物显著更多（P<0.001），而消耗的高碳水化合物食物显著更少（P<0.02）。LP喂养的大鼠所生的雌性后代（而非雄性后代）无法调整食物摄入量以维持恒定的能量摄入，并且其脂肪摄入量（P<0.005）和能量摄入量（P<0.05）均高于对照雌性大鼠。在30周龄时，两组动物的食物选择模式没有差异。LP喂养的大鼠所生的雄性后代的性腺脂肪比对照动物显著更多（P<0.05），但全身脂肪含量分析表明总体肥胖程度没有显著差异。本研究表明，至少在年轻人中，早年暴露于营养不良会导致对高脂肪食物的偏好。因此，母体营养可能会促进参与食欲控制或美味感知的系统发生变化。
