Alder Elizabeth M, Williams Fiona L R, Anderson Annie S, Forsyth Stewart, Florey Charles du V, van der Velde Patricia
Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Napier University, Edinburgh, UK.
Br J Nutr. 2004 Sep;92(3):527-31. doi: 10.1079/bjn20041212.
The aim of the present study was to assess the factors which may influence the timing of the introduction of solid food to infants. The design was a prospective cohort study by interview and postal questionnaire. Primiparous women (n 541) aged between 16 and 40 years were approached in the Forth Park Maternity Hospital, Fife, Scotland. Of these, 526 women agreed to participate and seventy-eight were used as subjects in the pilot study. At 12 weeks we interviewed 338 women of the study sample. The postal questionnaire was returned by 286 of 448 volunteers. At 12 weeks 133 of 338 mothers said that they had introduced solids. Those that said that they had introduced solids early (<12 weeks) were compared with those who had introduced solids late (>12 weeks) by bivariate and multiple regression analysis. Psychosocial factors influencing the decision were measured with the main outcome measure being the time of introduction of solid food. The early introduction of solids was found to be associated with: the opinions of the infant's maternal grandmother; living in a deprived area; personal disagreement with the advice to wait until the baby was 4 months; lack of encouragement from friends to wait until the baby was 4 months; being in receipt of free samples of manufactured food. Answers to open-ended questions indicated that the early introduction appeared to be influenced by the mothers' perceptions of the baby's needs. Some of the factors influencing a woman's decision to introduce solids are amenable to change, and these could be targeted in educational interventions.
本研究的目的是评估可能影响婴儿开始添加固体食物时间的因素。研究设计为通过访谈和邮寄问卷进行的前瞻性队列研究。在苏格兰法夫郡的福斯公园妇产医院，研究人员接触了年龄在16至40岁之间的初产妇（n = 541）。其中，526名女性同意参与研究，78名女性被用作试点研究的对象。在12周时，研究人员对338名研究样本中的女性进行了访谈。448名志愿者中有286名回复了邮寄问卷。在12周时，338名母亲中有133名表示她们已经开始给婴儿添加固体食物。通过双变量和多元回归分析，将那些表示过早（<12周）开始添加固体食物的母亲与过晚（>12周）开始添加固体食物的母亲进行了比较。用主要结局指标即开始添加固体食物的时间来衡量影响这一决定的心理社会因素。研究发现，过早添加固体食物与以下因素有关：婴儿外祖母的意见；生活在贫困地区；个人不同意等到婴儿4个月大的建议；朋友没有鼓励等到婴儿4个月大；收到过加工食品的免费样品。对开放式问题的回答表明，过早添加似乎受到母亲对婴儿需求的认知的影响。一些影响女性决定添加固体食物的因素是可以改变的，在教育干预中可以针对这些因素。
