Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
Matern Child Nutr. 2024 Jul;20(3):e13633. doi: 10.1111/mcn.13633. Epub 2024 Feb 20.
We aimed to describe how breastfeeding relates to adherence to complementary feeding (CF) recommendations, diet diversification and feeding skills development and whether sociodemographic factors explain any differences observed. The Scottish Maternal Infant and Nutrition Survey for infants aged 8-12 months collected breastfeeding history, CF practices, diet and sociodemographic data using a self-completion questionnaire. Non-healthful CF practices were starting CF < 6 months, any consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), sweet or salty snacks (treats) or unmodified cow's milk and regular consumption of commercial baby foods. Diet diversification and feeding skills were assessed by amount of self-feeding and number of food groups, meals and snacks eaten daily. Of the 2730 mothers, 20% were solely infant formula fed (IFF) and 48% continued breastfeeding ≥6 months. Compared to IFF babies, mothers who gave any breast milk ≥6 months were more likely to start CF ≥ 6 months compared to those IFF (66% vs. 37%) and less likely to give treats (15% vs. 45%), SSBs (11% vs. 20%) and commercial baby foods (31% vs. 53%). These associations remained highly significant (p < 0.001) even after sociodemographic factor adjustment. Despite starting CF later, infants breastfed ≥6 months ate the same number of food groups and meals as those IFF, were just as likely to self-feed purees and more likely to self-feed finger foods daily (87% vs. 81% p < 0.001). Mothers who breastfeed beyond 6 months adhere more to CF recommendations and start CF later compared to IFF, but their babies eat a similarly diverse diet and have similar feeding skills.
我们旨在描述母乳喂养与补充喂养（CF）建议、饮食多样化和喂养技能发展的关系，以及社会人口因素是否解释了观察到的任何差异。苏格兰母婴营养调查（Scottish Maternal Infant and Nutrition Survey）收集了 8-12 个月大婴儿的母乳喂养史、CF 实践、饮食和社会人口数据，使用自我完成的问卷。非健康 CF 实践包括在 6 个月前开始 CF、任何糖饮料（SSB）的摄入、甜食或咸食（零食）或未经改性的牛奶以及经常食用商业婴儿食品。饮食多样化和喂养技能通过自我喂养的量和每天食用的食物种类、餐数和零食数来评估。在 2730 位母亲中，20%的人只给婴儿配方奶粉（IF），48%的人继续母乳喂养≥6 个月。与 IF 婴儿相比，母乳喂养≥6 个月的母亲更有可能在 6 个月后开始 CF≥6 个月，而不是 IF（66%比 37%），不太可能给零食（15%比 45%）、SSB（11%比 20%）和商业婴儿食品（31%比 53%）。即使在调整社会人口因素后，这些关联仍然具有高度显著性（p<0.001）。尽管 CF 开始较晚，母乳喂养≥6 个月的婴儿与 IF 婴儿食用相同数量的食物种类和餐数，同样可能自我喂食泥状食物，更有可能每天自我喂食手指食物（87%比 81%，p<0.001）。母乳喂养超过 6 个月的母亲更遵守 CF 建议，并且比 IF 开始 CF 更晚，但她们的婴儿饮食同样多样化，并且具有相似的喂养技能。
