麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹联合疫苗接种的及时性——对疫苗接种覆盖率的影响

Timeliness of MMR vaccination--influence on vaccination coverage.

作者信息

Dannetun Eva, Tegnell Anders, Hermansson Göran, Törner Anna, Giesecke Johan

机构信息

Department of Communicable Disease Control, Landstinget i Ostergötland, Sandbacksgatan 5, SE- 581 91 Linköping, Sweden.

出版信息

Vaccine. 2004 Oct 22;22(31-32):4228-32. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.04.018.

DOI:10.1016/j.vaccine.2004.04.018

PMID:15474712

Abstract

Over the last seven years, and especially in 2001, a declining coverage for MMR vaccination in 2-year-olds has been noted in Sweden. By recording actual date of vaccination in a cohort of almost 4,000 children in a county in central Sweden, we found that parents' decision to postpone vaccination by up to 1.5 years beyond the stipulated age of 18 months accounted for about half the reported drop in 2001. Even if coverage thus improves with time, postponed vaccination adds to the pool of unprotected children in the population. The design of the current national surveillance system overestimates coverage at 2 years and fails to record delayed vaccination. To avoid future outbreaks that can appear around imported cases of measles it is crucial to attain high coverage levels by timely vaccination.

摘要

在过去七年中，尤其是在2001年，瑞典两岁儿童的麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹（MMR）疫苗接种覆盖率呈下降趋势。通过记录瑞典中部一个县近4000名儿童队列中的实际接种日期，我们发现，父母决定将接种时间推迟至规定的18个月龄之后长达1.5年，这一因素约占2001年报告的接种覆盖率下降的一半。即使随着时间推移覆盖率有所提高，但推迟接种会使人群中未受保护儿童的数量增加。当前国家监测系统的设计高估了两岁时的接种覆盖率，并且未能记录延迟接种情况。为避免未来可能因输入性麻疹病例而出现的疫情，通过及时接种实现高覆盖率至关重要。