McCauley Mary Mason, Stokley Shannon, Stevenson John, Fishbein Daniel B
National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 2008 Dec;43(6):540-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2008.08.002.
To present progress toward Healthy People 2010 vaccination objectives for adolescents aged 13-15 years, and to determine how much catch-up and routine vaccination was administered at the recommended ages of 11-12 years.
Data from the 1997-2003 National Health Interview Survey were evaluated. In the first analysis, vaccination coverage levels for adolescents aged 13-15 years were determined for each survey year. Main outcome measures include the percent of adolescents who had received the three-dose hepatitis B vaccine (Hep B) series, the two-dose measles/mumps/rubella vaccine (MMR) series, the tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (Td) booster, and one dose of varicella vaccine. In the second analysis, data from all survey years were combined and vaccination dates were analyzed to determine the percentage of adolescents who were missing any vaccines at ages 11-12 and received them at that age. Data for varicella vaccine were sufficient only for the first analysis.
Among the approximately 15%-20% of respondents who reported vaccination history from records in the home and who were reporting on a 13-15-year-old, coverage with three doses of Hep B increased significantly during 1997-2001, from 15.2% to 55.0%. Coverage with MMR and Td fluctuated, with no significant increase; highs were 76.7% for MMR in 2003 and 36.2% for Td in 2002. Examination of vaccination dates for all surveyed adolescents showed that among 11-12-year-olds who needed catch-up vaccine, 0.6%-31.3% were brought up to date for Hep B and 22.1%-31.8% were brought up to date for MMR. For Td, 2.6%-15.4% of 11-12-year-olds who had not previously received Td received the vaccine.
Vaccination coverage among adolescents aged 13-15 years was below the Healthy People 2010 goals of 90%, but generally increased over the survey years. However, the suboptimal delivery of needed vaccines during ages 11 and 12 is concerning in light of recent vaccine recommendations targeted at this age. Continuing to focus on strategies to make adolescent preventive care, including vaccination, a new norm is essential.
介绍在实现《健康人民2010》中针对13至15岁青少年的疫苗接种目标方面所取得的进展，并确定在11至12岁的推荐年龄进行了多少补种和常规疫苗接种。
对1997 - 2003年全国健康访谈调查的数据进行评估。在首次分析中，确定每个调查年份13至15岁青少年的疫苗接种覆盖率。主要结局指标包括接种三剂乙肝疫苗（Hep B）系列、两剂麻疹/腮腺炎/风疹疫苗（MMR）系列、破伤风和白喉类毒素（Td）加强针以及一剂水痘疫苗的青少年百分比。在第二次分析中，将所有调查年份的数据合并，并分析疫苗接种日期，以确定在11至12岁时缺少任何疫苗并在该年龄补种的青少年百分比。水痘疫苗的数据仅足以进行首次分析。
在大约15% - 20%报告有家庭记录的疫苗接种史且报告对象为13至15岁青少年的受访者中，1997 - 2001年期间，三剂乙肝疫苗的接种覆盖率从15.2%显著提高到55.0%。MMR和Td的接种覆盖率波动，没有显著增加；2003年MMR的最高覆盖率为76.7%，2002年Td的最高覆盖率为36.2%。对所有接受调查的青少年的疫苗接种日期进行检查发现，在需要补种疫苗的11至12岁青少年中，0.6% - 31.3%补种了乙肝疫苗，22.1% - 31.8%补种了MMR。对于Td，在之前未接种过Td的11至12岁青少年中，2.6% - 15.4%接种了该疫苗。
13至15岁青少年的疫苗接种覆盖率低于《健康人民2010》设定的90%的目标，但在调查年份总体上有所提高。然而，鉴于最近针对该年龄段的疫苗接种建议，11岁和12岁时所需疫苗接种情况不理想令人担忧。继续关注使青少年预防性保健（包括疫苗接种）成为新规范的策略至关重要。
