Macintyre Kate, Rutenberg Naomi, Brown Lisanne, Karim Ali
Department of International Health and Development, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.
AIDS Behav. 2004 Sep;8(3):237-50. doi: 10.1023/B:AIBE.0000044072.71361.b3.
Risk perception has been theorized to be an important antecedent for adopting protective behavior. It is a key construct of research applying the Health Belief Model and other behavior change models. In relation to HIV, risk perception is an indicator of perceived susceptibility to infection, a measure for one's understanding of AIDS transmission as well as willingness to consider behavioral changes. However, there remains much we do not know about what drives risk perception, especially among youth. This study identifies factors that influence the calculation of HIV-risk perception among a group of adolescents in South Africa. Data, collected in 1999 from 2,716 adolescents aged 14-22, are used to explore factors predicting risk perception. Logistic regression models suggest connectedness to parents and community for males and females, self-efficacy to use a condom among males, and living in a household with a chronically ill member for females are associated with HIV risk perception. We conclude that a greater understanding of the connection of adolescents to their communities and adults in their lives is needed, and ways in which programs can alter the environments in which adolescents form opinions, make choices, and act should be incorporated into program design.
风险认知被理论化为采取保护行为的一个重要前提。它是应用健康信念模型和其他行为改变模型进行研究的关键结构。就艾滋病毒而言，风险认知是感知感染易感性的指标，是衡量一个人对艾滋病传播的理解以及考虑行为改变意愿的尺度。然而，关于是什么驱动风险认知，尤其是在年轻人中，我们仍然知之甚少。本研究确定了影响南非一组青少年艾滋病毒风险认知计算的因素。1999年从2716名14至22岁青少年中收集的数据用于探索预测风险认知的因素。逻辑回归模型表明，男性和女性与父母及社区的联系、男性使用避孕套的自我效能感以及女性生活在有慢性病成员的家庭中与艾滋病毒风险认知相关。我们得出结论，需要更深入地了解青少年与其社区以及生活中的成年人之间的联系，并且应将项目能够改变青少年形成观点、做出选择和采取行动的环境的方式纳入项目设计中。
