Adih W K, Alexander C S
Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
J Adolesc Health. 1999 Jan;24(1):63-72. doi: 10.1016/s1054-139x(98)00062-7.
To identify the psychosocial and behavioral factors that influence condom use to reduce the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection among young men in Ghana.
This study used a cross-sectional design in which data on a community-based sample of 601 young men, 15-24 years of age, were collected by a household survey instrument. For a conceptual framework, the study used constructs from the Health Belief Model (HBM) and Social Learning Theory (SLT) in the Ghanaian context.
While 65% of the sexually active male respondents had used condoms at least once, only 25% had used condoms at last intercourse. Findings from multiple logistic regression analysis indicate that perceived susceptibility to HIV infection, perceived self-efficacy to use condoms, perceived barriers to condom use, and perceived social support were significant predictors of condom use. The most important finding, however, is that perceived barriers significantly interacted with perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy. Subjects who perceived a high level of susceptibility to HIV infection and a low level of barriers to condom use were almost six times as likely to have used condoms at last intercourse, compared to others. Similarly, young men who perceived a high level of self-efficacy to use condoms and a low level of barriers to condom use were nearly three times more likely to have used condoms at last intercourse when compared to others.
These results suggest that HIV prevention programs for youth should emphasize personal vulnerability to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, instill in youth the self-belief that they can use condoms any time, and address how to overcome barriers to condom use.
确定影响加纳年轻男性使用避孕套以降低感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）风险的心理社会和行为因素。
本研究采用横断面设计，通过家庭调查问卷收集了601名15至24岁的社区年轻男性的数据。在加纳背景下，该研究使用了健康信念模型（HBM）和社会学习理论（SLT）的构建要素作为概念框架。
虽然65%有性行为的男性受访者至少使用过一次避孕套，但只有25%在最近一次性交时使用了避孕套。多元逻辑回归分析结果表明，对HIV感染的易感性认知、使用避孕套的自我效能感、使用避孕套的障碍认知以及社会支持感是避孕套使用的重要预测因素。然而，最重要的发现是，感知到的障碍与感知到的易感性和自我效能感存在显著的相互作用。与其他人相比，那些认为自己感染HIV的易感性较高且使用避孕套的障碍较低的受试者在最近一次性交时使用避孕套的可能性几乎是其他人的六倍。同样，与其他人相比，那些认为自己使用避孕套的自我效能感较高且使用避孕套的障碍较低的年轻男性在最近一次性交时使用避孕套的可能性几乎是其他人的三倍。
这些结果表明，针对青少年的HIV预防项目应强调个人感染后天免疫综合征的易感性，向青少年灌输他们可以随时使用避孕套的自信心，并解决如何克服使用避孕套的障碍。
