Sweesy Mark W, Holland James L, Smith Kerry W
Pacer School, Greenville, SC, USA.
AACN Clin Issues. 2004 Jul-Sep;15(3):391-403. doi: 10.1097/00044067-200407000-00007.
Clinicians caring for cardiac device patients with implanted pacemakers or cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are frequently asked questions by their patients concerning electromagnetic interference (EMI) sources and the devices. EMI may be radiated or conducted and may be present in many different forms including (but not limited to) radiofrequency waves, microwaves, ionizing radiation, acoustic radiation, static and pulsed magnetic fields, and electric currents. Manufacturers have done an exemplary job of interference protection with device features such as titanium casing, signal filtering, interference rejection circuits, feedthrough capacitors, noise reversion function, and programmable parameters. Nevertheless, EMI remains a real concern and a potential danger. Many factors influence EMI including those which the patient can regulate (eg, distance from and duration of exposure) and some the patient cannot control (eg, intensity of the EMI field, signal frequency). Potential device responses are many and range from simple temporary oversensing to permanent device damage Several of the more common EMI-generating devices and their likely effects on cardiac devices are considered in the medical, home, and daily living and work environments.
为植入起搏器或心脏复律除颤器（ICD）的心脏设备患者提供护理的临床医生经常会被患者问到有关电磁干扰（EMI）源和设备的问题。EMI可能是辐射的或传导的，并且可能以许多不同形式存在，包括（但不限于）射频波、微波、电离辐射、声辐射、静态和脉冲磁场以及电流。制造商在通过诸如钛外壳、信号滤波、干扰抑制电路、馈通电容器、噪声反转功能和可编程参数等设备功能进行干扰防护方面做得非常出色。然而，EMI仍然是一个实际问题和潜在危险。许多因素会影响EMI，包括患者可以调节的因素（例如，与EMI源的距离和暴露持续时间）以及一些患者无法控制的因素（例如，EMI场的强度、信号频率）。设备可能出现的反应多种多样，从简单的暂时过度感知到永久性设备损坏。本文将在医疗、家庭以及日常生活和工作环境中探讨几种较常见的产生EMI的设备及其对心脏设备可能产生的影响。
