Blakely Tony, Ajwani Shilpi, Robson Bridget, Tobias Martin, Bonné Martin
Department of Public Health, Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Otago, PO Box 7343, Wellington, New Zealand.
N Z Med J. 2004 Aug 6;117(1199):U995.
Maori and Pacific deaths were severely undercounted in the mid-1980s and first half of 1990s, resulting in numerator-denominator bias when calculating mortality rates by ethnicity. We used the New Zealand Census-Mortality Study to adjust for this bias and calculate corrected ethnic-specific mortality rates from 1980 to 1999.
Age-specific adjusters were calculated for the period 1980-99. They were applied to mortality data to obtain a corrected number of deaths. Mortality rates (by age and gender) were calculated by dividing the total number of adjusted deaths by the respective census counts.
Contrary to unadjusted rates, corrected Maori and Pacific mortality rates were clearly higher than non- Maori non-Pacific rates during the 1980s and early 1990s. From 1980-84 (1361 per 100,000 for males and 965 per 100,000 for females) to 1996-99 (1258 and 894), there was only a modest decrease in Maori 1 to 74 year old mortality rates. Pacific mortality rates changed little from 1980-84 (1264 and 672) to 1996-99 (1144 and 696 per 100,000 for males and females respectively). Non-Maori non-Pacific mortality rates, however, decreased by about 30% from 1980-84 (919 and 553) to 1996-99 (641 and 407 per 100,000 for males and females, respectively). Cancer (lung, prostate, breast, colorectal) mortality rates tended to increase over time among Maori compared to steadily decreasing among non-Maori non-Pacific. Of note, Pacific colorectal cancer mortality rates have increased by about ten-fold during the 1980s and 1990s. All ethnic groups experienced falls in cardiovascular disease mortality rates, but the decreases were much greater among non-Maori non-Pacific.
The gaps between Maori and non-Maori non-Pacific mortality widened over the 1980s and 1990s mainly due to steadily declining non-Maori non-Pacific mortality rates and stagnant Maori mortality rates. Likewise, the gaps between Pacific and non-Maori non-Pacific mortality also widened during that period.
在20世纪80年代中期至90年代上半叶，毛利人和太平洋岛民的死亡人数被严重低估，这导致在按种族计算死亡率时出现分子分母偏差。我们利用新西兰人口普查-死亡率研究来校正这种偏差，并计算1980年至1999年经校正的特定种族死亡率。
计算了1980 - 1999年期间按年龄划分的校正因子。将这些因子应用于死亡率数据，以获得校正后的死亡人数。死亡率（按年龄和性别）通过将校正后的死亡总数除以各自的人口普查计数来计算。
与未校正的比率相反，在20世纪80年代和90年代初，经校正的毛利人和太平洋岛民死亡率明显高于非毛利非太平洋岛民死亡率。从1980 - 1984年（男性为每10万人1361人，女性为每10万人965人）到1996 - 1999年（男性为1258人，女性为894人），1至74岁毛利人的死亡率仅略有下降。太平洋岛民的死亡率从1980 - 1984年（男性为1264人，女性为672人）到1996 - 1999年（男性和女性分别为每10万人1144人和696人）变化不大。然而，非毛利非太平洋岛民的死亡率从1980 - 1984年（男性为919人，女性为553人）到1996 - 1999年（男性和女性分别为每10万人641人和407人）下降了约30%。与非毛利非太平洋岛民稳步下降相比，毛利人的癌症（肺癌、前列腺癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌）死亡率随时间推移呈上升趋势。值得注意的是，在20世纪80年代和90年代，太平洋岛民的结直肠癌死亡率增加了约十倍。所有种族的心血管疾病死亡率都有所下降，但非毛利非太平洋岛民的下降幅度更大。
在20世纪80年代和90年代，毛利人与非毛利非太平洋岛民之间的死亡率差距扩大，主要是由于非毛利非太平洋岛民死亡率稳步下降而毛利人死亡率停滞不前。同样，在此期间，太平洋岛民与非毛利非太平洋岛民之间的死亡率差距也扩大了。
