Heyman James, Ariely Dan
University of California, Berkeley, USA.
Psychol Sci. 2004 Nov;15(11):787-93. doi: 10.1111/j.0956-7976.2004.00757.x.
The standard model of labor is one in which individuals trade their time and energy in return for monetary rewards. Building on Fiske's relational theory (1992), we propose that there are two types of markets that determine relationships between effort and payment: monetary and social. We hypothesize that monetary markets are highly sensitive to the magnitude of compensation, whereas social markets are not. This perspective can shed light on the well-established observation that people sometimes expend more effort in exchange for no payment (a social market) than they expend when they receive low payment (a monetary market). Three experiments support these ideas. The experimental evidence also demonstrates that mixed markets (markets that include aspects of both social and monetary markets) more closely resemble monetary than social markets.
劳动的标准模式是个人用自己的时间和精力去换取金钱回报。基于菲斯克的关系理论（1992年），我们提出有两种类型的市场决定了努力与报酬之间的关系：货币市场和社会市场。我们假设货币市场对报酬的多少高度敏感，而社会市场则不然。这种观点可以解释一个早已确立的现象，即人们有时在没有报酬（社会市场）的情况下付出的努力比在获得低报酬（货币市场）时付出的努力更多。三项实验支持了这些观点。实验证据还表明，混合市场（包含社会市场和货币市场两方面因素的市场）与货币市场的相似性高于与社会市场的相似性。
