Bywaters Michael, Andrade Jackie, Turpin Graham
Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TP, UK.
Memory. 2004 Jul;12(4):467-78. doi: 10.1080/09658210444000089.
We studied the number, valence, and vividness of intrusive and non-intrusive memories in two groups (N = 20) of pre-screened non-depressed mood and depressed mood undergraduate participants. They were asked to generate as many intrusive memories (IMs) as possible from the prior 2 weeks, together with pleasant and unpleasant non-intrusive memories from the same period. They subsequently formed images of these memories and rated them on measures of vividness, valence, arousal, and overall affect, while having their heart rate, skin conductance, and electromyogram monitored. IMs were common, with participants generating a mean of 1.15 pleasant IMs and 1.60 unpleasant IMs, and there was some evidence that they were mood-congruent. IMs were more vivid than non-intrusive memories, a difference not due to either valence or arousal. We conclude that IMs are a general feature of human memory rather than just a symptom of certain clinical disorders.
我们研究了两组（每组N = 20）预先筛选出的非抑郁情绪和抑郁情绪的本科参与者的侵入性和非侵入性记忆的数量、效价和生动程度。要求他们尽可能多地回忆前两周内出现的侵入性记忆（IMs），以及同一时期愉快和不愉快的非侵入性记忆。随后，他们对这些记忆形成图像，并在生动程度、效价、唤醒度和总体情感等方面进行评分，同时监测他们的心率、皮肤电导率和肌电图。侵入性记忆很常见，参与者平均产生1.15个愉快的侵入性记忆和1.60个不愉快的侵入性记忆，并且有证据表明它们与情绪相符。侵入性记忆比非侵入性记忆更生动，这种差异并非由效价或唤醒度导致。我们得出结论，侵入性记忆是人类记忆的一个普遍特征，而不仅仅是某些临床疾病的症状。
